Patterns of γ‐aminobutyric acid and glycine immunoreactivities reflect structural and functional differences of the cat lateral lemniscal nuclei

Marie, Richard L. Saint; Shneiderman, Amiram; Stanforth, David A.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19971215)389:2<264::aid-cne6>3.3.co;2-y

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The changes in firing rate were observed at frequencies and levels throughout a unit's receptive field, suggesting that the inhibition arises from sources whose inhibitory fields are aligned with and are broader than their ICC targets (Palombi and Caspary, 1996). Pharmacological studies suggest that the ipsilateral DNLL and VNLL are excellent candidates to provide the GABAergic and glycinergic inhibition, respectively, to type I units (e.g., Saint Marie et al, 1997), and both nuclei contain well-tuned units (Batra et al, 1997; Davis et al, 2007). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monaural spectral processing differs between the lateral superior olive and the inferior colliculus: Physiological evidence for an acoustic chiasm

2010

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Evidence suggests that the lateral superior olive (LSO) initiates an excitatory pathway specialized to process interaural level differences (ILDs), the primary cues used by mammals to localize highfrequency sounds in the horizontal plane. Type I units in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) of decerebrate cats exhibit monaural and binaural response properties qualitatively similar to those of LSO units, and are thus supposed to be the midbrain component of the ILD pathway. Studies have shown, however, that the responses of ICC cells do not often reflect simply the output of any single source of excitatory inputs. The goal of this study was to compare directly the monaural, spectral response properties of LSO and type I units measured in unanesthetized decerebrate cats. Compared to LSO units, type I units have narrower V-shaped excitatory tuning curves, higher spontaneous rates, lower maximum stimulus-evoked firing rates and more nonmonotonic rate-level curves for tones and noise. In addition, low frequency type I units have lower thresholds to tones than corresponding LSO units. Taken together, these results suggest that the excitatory ILD pathway from LSO to ICC is mostly a high-frequency channel, and that additional inputs transform LSO influences in the ICC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monaural spectral processing differs between the lateral superior olive and the inferior colliculus: Physiological evidence for an acoustic chiasm

2010

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“…Every 5 th section was stained with Cresyl Violet. Auditory nuclei were identified by Nissl cytoarchitecture, and in accordance with Mugnaini et al (1980) for the CNC, Schofield and Cant (1991) for the SOC, Saint Marie et al (1997) for the NLL, Loftus et al (2008) for the IC, and Clerici and Coleman (1990) for the MGB.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…For example, terminals are identified as excitatory (and therefore, presumably glutamatergic) if they contain round synaptic vesicles (Oliver, 1987). Cell bodies are considered as excitatory if they do not contain molecules associated with inhibitory neurotransmitters (Saint Marie et al, 1997). The positive identification of cell bodies of glutamatergic neurons has been more problematic: Since glutamate is an essential amino acid present in all cells, immunoreactivity for the amino acid is not a useful way to identify neurons that release glutamate from synaptic vesicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of glutamate and inhibitory amino acid vesicular transporters in the rodent auditory brainstem

Ito

Bishop

Oliver

2010

J of Comparative Neurology

111

132

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Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the auditory system, but associations between glutamatergic neuronal populations and the distribution of their synaptic terminations have been difficult. Different subsets of glutamatergic terminals employ one of three vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT) to load synaptic vesicles. Recently, VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 terminals were found to have different patterns of organization in the inferior colliculus suggesting that there are different types of glutamatergic neurons in the brainstem auditory system with projections to the colliculus. To positively identify VGLUT-expressing neurons as well as inhibitory neurons in the auditory brainstem, we used in situ hybridization to identify the mRNA for VGLUT1, VGLUT2, and VIAAT (the vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter used by GABAergic and glycinergic terminals). Similar expression patterns were found in subsets of glutamatergic and inhibitory neurons in the auditory brainstem and thalamus of adult rats and mice. Four patterns of gene expression were seen in individual neurons. 1) VGLUT2 expressed alone was the prevalent pattern. 2) VGLUT1 co-expressed with VGLUT2 was seen in scattered neurons in most nuclei but was common in the medial geniculate body and ventral cochlear nucleus. 3) VGLUT1 expressed alone was found only in granule cells. 4) VIAAT expression was common in most nuclei but dominated in some. These data show that the expression of the VGLUT1/2 and VIAAT genes can identify different subsets of auditory neurons. This may facilitate the identification of different components in auditory circuits.

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“…OnC's are hypothesized to provide glycinergic wideband-inhibitory inputs to the DCN and PVCN, and project to the contralateral CN (Smith et al, 2005(Smith et al, , 1989Arnott et al, 2004). OnI (octopus cells) units project to the contralateral ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) where they terminate in a calyx ending on cells that are glycinergic (e.g., Adams and Wenthold, 1987;Saint Marie et al, 1997;) and project to the ipsilateral inferior colliculus (IC). PLn/OnL cells have a major projection to the contralateral MNTB where they synapse on glycinergic inhibitory principal cells that project to the LSO (Bledsoe et al, 1990, Spirou et al, 1990.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response patterns to sound associated with labeled globular/bushy cells in cat

Rhode

2008

Neuroscience

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The mammalian cochlear nucleus (CN) consists of a diverse set of neurons both physiologically and morphologically that are involved in processing different aspects of the sound signal. One class of CN neurons that is located near the entrance of the auditory nerve (AN) to the CN has an oval soma with an eccentric nucleus and a short-bushy dendritic tree and is called a globular/bushy cell (GBC). They contact the principal cells of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) with the very large calyx of Held that is one of the most secure synapses in the brain. Because MNTB cells provide an inhibitory input to the lateral superior olive, a structure purported to play a role in lateralizing high frequency sounds, GBC physiology is of great interest. Results were obtained with intracellular recording and subsequent labeling with neurobiotin of 32 GBCs along with a number of cells characterized extracellularly as likely GBCs in the cochlear nucleus (CN) of cat. Their poststimulus discharge response pattern to repeated tones varies from a primarylike pattern, i.e., similar to the AN, to a primarylike pattern with a 0.5 to 2 ms notch after the initial spike, to an onset pattern with a lowsustained rate. They can represent low frequency tones and amplitude modulated signals exceptionally well with a temporal code.

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Patterns of γ‐aminobutyric acid and glycine immunoreactivities reflect structural and functional differences of the cat lateral lemniscal nuclei

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Monaural spectral processing differs between the lateral superior olive and the inferior colliculus: Physiological evidence for an acoustic chiasm

Monaural spectral processing differs between the lateral superior olive and the inferior colliculus: Physiological evidence for an acoustic chiasm

Expression of glutamate and inhibitory amino acid vesicular transporters in the rodent auditory brainstem

Response patterns to sound associated with labeled globular/bushy cells in cat

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