Patterns, Variants, Artifacts, and Pitfalls in Conventional Radionuclide Bone Imaging and SPECT/CT

Gnanasegaran, Gopinath; Cook, Gary; Adamson, K. L.; Fogelman, Ignac

doi:10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2009.07.003

Cited by 103 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…suggests a benign aetiology and a healing fracture. Secondly, lesions that extend from the vertebral body into the posterior vertebral elements or involve the pedicle are more likely to represent metastases [13] . Finally, linear uptake of radiotracer in contiguous ribs is highly suggestive of trauma and not metastasis.…”

Section: Skeletal Scintigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radiotracer uptake depends on local blood flow, osteoblastic activity and extraction efficiency. Once accumulated in bone diphosphonates are absorbed by hydroxyapatite crystals on mineralizing bone surfaces [13] . A major advantage of radionuclide bone scanning is that imaging of the whole skeleton can be performed (Figure 3).…”

Section: Skeletal Scintigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, primarily osteolytic lesions with limited reactive osteoblastic reaction, such as renal cell carcinoma metastases, typically demonstrate low or absent tracer accumulation leading to a false negative result (Figure 4) [6] . Finally, when bone metastases are extensive and diffuse, a bone scan on first inspection may appear normal due to the confluent nature of the lesions (referred to as a super scan because of the apparent good quality of the scan) and can be misinterpreted as a negative study [9,13] . It is therefore import to carefully assess for uptake in the kidneys on skeletal scintigraphy indicative of renal excretion of radiotracer which is characteristically absent on a super scan.…”

Section: Skeletal Scintigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging of bone metastasis: An update

O’Sullivan

Carty

Cronin

2015

WJR

302

217

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fuse morphological and functional data are the most sensitive and specific, and positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography and PET/magnetic resonance imaging will almost certainly continue to evolve and become increasingly important in this regard. Core tip: Early detection of skeletal metastasis is critical for accurate staging and optimal treatment. This paper briefly reviews our current understanding of the biological mechanisms through which tumours metastasise to bone and describes the available imaging methods to diagnose bone metastasis and monitor response to treatment. INTRODUCTIONMetastasis of malignant neoplasms to bone is common with metastases being far more prevalent than primary bone malignancies [1,2] . Indeed, bone is the third most common organ affected by metastasis, surpassed only by the lungs and liver [2][3][4] , and is the most common site of distant metastasis from primary breast carcinoma [5] . Over the past twenty years, advances in our understanding of tumour biology have led to the development of improved treatment strategies for many cancers. As a result, many patients are living longer with metastatic disease and the incidence of skeletal metastasis is continuing to rise. Based on post-mortem findings, approximately 70% of patients with breast or prostate AbstractEarly detection of skeletal metastasis is critical for accurate staging and optimal treatment. This paper briefly reviews our current understanding of the biological mechanisms through which tumours metastasise to bone and describes the available imaging methods to diagnose bone metastasis and monitor response to treatment. Among the various imaging modalities currently available for imaging skeletal metastasis, hybrid techniques which MINIREVIEWS 202August 28, 2015|Volume 7|Issue 8|

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Section: Skeletal Scintigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Skeletal Scintigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Skeletal Scintigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging of bone metastasis: An update

O’Sullivan

Carty

Cronin

2015

WJR

302

217

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“…Bone scan has no role in the diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis. But there are so many reported instances where lung uptake are found in Wegener's granulamatosis (1,3,4). In this case, lung uptake corresponds well to the chest radiograph abnormalities but cause of liver uptake remain uncertain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extraosseous uptake in bone scan helps in getting important findings about the patients hidden state of disease which may have remained undiagnosed otherwise (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%