Paved, graveled, and stony paths to high performance: Theoretical considerations on self-control demands of achievement goals based on implicit and explicit motives

Schüler, Julia; Zimanyi, Zsuzsanna; Wegner, Mirko

doi:10.1016/j.peh.2019.100146

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…As true for healthy people, changing perceived energy and self-beliefs is undoubtfully a good start, but probably still not enough. Volitional strategies such as concrete planning strategies ( Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006 ) are additionally needed to put PA and Sport intentions of people with chronic disorders into action ( Schüler et al, 2019b ). To avoid that sport becomes another burden in an already stressful life (of chronically ill people and of healthy people as well), a sports activity should be chosen that fits to a person’s individual needs and interests ( Sheldon and Elliot, 1999 ) so that the incentives inherent in the activity (enjoying sport context, fun, positive emotions) support the outcome related incentives (better health) and thereby secure behavior over a longer period of time (for activity and outcome-related incentives see, Rheinberg, 1989 ; Rheinberg and Engeser, 2010 ; Schüler et al, 2019b ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Perceived Energy and Self-Beliefs for Physical Activity and Sports Activity of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Chronic Stroke

et al. 2021

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Physical activity counteracts some of the negative consequences associated with chronic neurological diseases. Here, we describe the levels of physical activity (PA) and sports activity (Sport) in patients with multiple sclerosis (pMS, n = 59) and chronic stroke (pStroke, n = 67) and test compliance with the recommendation for health-promoting physical activity of the World-Health Organization (WHO). Secondly, we tested for differences between the groups of patients, and thirdly, we examined relationships between PA and Sport with psychological indicators of perceived energy (fatigue and vitality) and self-beliefs (self-efficacy and self-control). Psychological constructs were assessed with validated measures from different disciplines in Psychology. A statistical aim was to describe interpretations gained by (non-) parametric Bayesian and Null-Hypothesis-Significance Testing statistics (NHST) on the example of the conducted tests for differences and relationships. Descriptive analyses revealed that pMS and pStroke complied with recommendations of the WHO, but with large variance indicating that patient groups are not homogenous. Tests for differences showed that the PA difference between pMS and pStroke can be attributed to the higher proportion of women in the pMS sample as they engage more in household chores (important part of PA). Tests for relationships showed that for pStroke, vitality, self-control, and self-efficacy were positively related to the level of sports activity. Furthermore, pStroke who were sport active had lower fatigue and higher self-control and self-efficacy scores than sport inactive people. Although they address slightly different questions, the Bayesian and the NHST approach led to similar general conclusions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Perceived Energy and Self-Beliefs for Physical Activity and Sports Activity of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Chronic Stroke

et al. 2021

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“…A second way in which the implicit achievement motive might have undermined the hypothesized results is by being incongruent with the explicit achievement motive. The disconcordance between implicit and explicit motives causes impairment of well-being and motivation (Brunstein et al, 1998;Brunstein, 2010;Schüler, 2010) and requires self-control (Kehr, 2004;Schüler et al, 2019). However, all these are crucial for high performance in a strength endurance task.…”

Section: Limitations and Further Research Tasksmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Brings Out the Best and Worst of People With a Strong Explicit Achievement Motive? The Role of (Lack of) Achievement Incentives for Performance in an Endurance Task

Schüler

Wolff

2020

Front. Psychol.

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An explicit achievement motive is intuitively related to good performance. In contrast, the present paper directs attention to conditions where individuals with a strong explicit achievement motive display poor performance. We hypothesized that participants with a strong achievement motive perform worse in a bicycle ergometer task when task instructions lack achievement incentives than when the instructions include achievement incentives. Furthermore, we expected that, when achievement incentives are lacking, they show even worse performance than participants with a weak achievement motive. For the latter, we assumed that they are relatively unaffected by the achievement incentive content of the instructions. In a within-subject experimental design (N = 55) with two blocks (achievement incentives vs. lack of achievement incentives; each block consisted of three trials), our hypotheses were partly supported. The lack of achievement incentives brought out the worst (regarding performance), but the presence of achievement incentives did not bring out the best of participants with a strong achievement motive. In the discussion, we suggest how to improve future experimental achievement settings and reflect the results within the framework of the differentiation into implicit and explicit motives.

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Necessity of the Individual Approaches to the Employees in Times of COVID-19

Zöllner

Sulíková

2022

Studies in Systems, Decision and Control

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Paved, graveled, and stony paths to high performance: Theoretical considerations on self-control demands of achievement goals based on implicit and explicit motives

Cited by 8 publications

References 73 publications

The Role of Perceived Energy and Self-Beliefs for Physical Activity and Sports Activity of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Chronic Stroke

The Role of Perceived Energy and Self-Beliefs for Physical Activity and Sports Activity of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Chronic Stroke

What Brings Out the Best and Worst of People With a Strong Explicit Achievement Motive? The Role of (Lack of) Achievement Incentives for Performance in an Endurance Task

Necessity of the Individual Approaches to the Employees in Times of COVID-19

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