Paver blocks manufactured from construction & demolition waste

Recycled Aggregates from Construction and Demolition Waste in the Manufacture of Urban Pavements

“…The partial or total inclusion of RAs increased the water absorption of the precast concrete elements. This behaviour has already been reported by other studies [ 20 , 48 , 49 ], and it is attributed to the high hygroscopicity of RAs, which presents a high ability to adsorb water in contrast to NAs, which exhibit lower permeability characteristics. In pavers blocks, the incorporation of RS has a more marked effect on the increase in water absorption than the incorporation of RG.…”

“…RAs from CDW have usually been focused on concrete road and pavement applications. Thus, it has been studied at the laboratory scale in pavements [ 9 ]; the manufacture of precast concrete blocks made with recycled mixed ceramic aggregates from CDW [ 10 ]; the feasibility of sustainable construction materials for concrete paving blocks [ 11 ]; concrete kerbs and floor blocks with RAs [ 12 ], concrete pavement flags [ 13 ]; unbound layers of pavements [ 14 ]; concrete paving blocks and flags made with crushed brick as aggregate [ 15 ]; concrete paving block production [ 16 ]; the transportation geotechnics sub-base evaluating the crushing characteristics of CDW [ 17 ], road base and sub-base [ 18 ]; CDW with Portland cement and hydrated lime as pavement subbase [ 19 ]; paving stone, kerb, and concrete pipes [ 20 , 21 ]; and the manufacture of geopolymeric concrete units [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. In a previous study, the authors highlighted the importance of Priot; to use it is necessary to carry out a separation process of the CDW in order to ensure that the RAs have the necessary quality as substitutes of NAs, i.e., improvement of the properties of RAs through different mechanical treatments.…”

Integrated Model and Index for Circular Economy in the Built-Environment in the Indian Context

“…Foreseeing the multi-fold rise in the built area in India, the government introduced CDW management measures in 2016, to tackle the challenge of meeting the material demand and handling the waste in the construction sector (Faruqi and Siddiqui, 2020). The composition of CDW in India is recorded as 25% concrete, 30% masonry bricks, 35% sand and soil, 5% metals, 2% wood and 3% other materials (Kumar, Shrivastava and Gupta, 2020). Concrete is one of the major contributors to carbon footprint, being the structural element in most of the construction projects (Akhtar and Sarmah, 2018).…”

Construction and demolition waste as recycled aggregate for environmentally friendly concrete paving

“…Nowadays, CDW has been successfully recycled as base and sub-base of road construction (Poon and Chan 2006a;Tavakoli Mehrjardi et al 2020;Zhang et al 2021), paving projects (Arulrajah et al 2014;Gedik 2020;Özalp et al 2016), footpaths projects (Arulrajah et al 2013;Arulrajah et al 2016;Pourkhorshidi et al 2020) and pipe-bedding projects (Arulrajah et al 2017;Rahman et al 2014;Taha et al 2002). Nevertheless, it is still necessary to develop new applications for the manufacture of new products, by developing originals processes, by seeking and finding new markets in order to absorb and reduce the vast volume of CDW worldwide production, and furthermore, to comply with the objective established by EU (Commission Consequently, previous studies using RA obtained from CDW have developed new applications mainly focused on the use of these sorts of materials as NA replacement in concrete production (Falek et al 2017;Favaretto et al 2017;Ibrahim et al 2020;Idagu 2017;Lau et al 2014;Martín-Morales et al 2011;Rao et al 2007;Robalo et al 2021;Tabsh and Abdelfatah 2009;Sharmal and Singla 2014;Silva et al 2014;Yang et al 2011) and concrete materials manufacturing, i.e., concrete bricks (Contreras et al 2016;Devi et al 2020;Poon et al 2002;Rodríguez et al 2016;Sadek et al 2013;Silva et al 2019) and concrete block (Kumar et al 2020;Leiva et al 2013;López et al 2018;Poon et al 2002Poon et al , 2009…”

“…Consequently, previous studies using RA obtained from CDW have developed new applications mainly focused on the use of these sorts of materials as NA replacement in concrete production (Falek et al 2017 ; Favaretto et al 2017 ; Ibrahim et al 2020 ; Idagu 2017 ; Lau et al 2014 ; Martín-Morales et al 2011 ; Rao et al 2007 ; Robalo et al 2021 ; Tabsh and Abdelfatah 2009 ; Sharmal and Singla 2014 ; Silva et al 2014 ; Yang et al 2011 ) and concrete materials manufacturing, i.e., concrete bricks (Contreras et al 2016 ; Devi et al 2020 ; Poon et al 2002 ; Rodríguez et al 2016 ; Sadek et al 2013 ; Silva et al 2019 ) and concrete block (Kumar et al 2020 ; Leiva et al 2013 ; López et al 2018 ; Poon et al 2002 , 2009 ; Sabai et al 2013 ; Soutsos et al 2011a ). Moreover, several studies have focused on the application of the RA in the production of concrete paving but without promising results (Jankovic et al 2012 ; Juan-Valdés et al 2019 ; Poon and Chan 2006b , 2007 ; Soutsos et al 2011b , 2012 ).…”