Paving the way for advancement of renewable energy technologies using deep eutectic solvents: A review

Al-Farsi, Raiyan; Hayyan, Maan

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2023.113505

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…ILs hold promise as potential substitutes for conventional volatile organic solvents because they are essentially nonvolatile fluids with exceptional physicochemical properties (e.g., solubilizing power, density, viscosity, polarity, conductivity, redox windows) that can be dialed to match specific task requirements. ILs based on imidazolium salts have been widely studied as electrolytes for DSSCs; − however, some concerns have arisen regarding their (bio)toxicity, environmental persistence, corrosiveness, economic viability, and high viscosity which restricts the mass transport of charge carriers between electrodes. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process can result in a substantial depression in the melting point via a combination of hydrogen bond interactions, and lattice energy and entropy changes, leading to the formation of a eutectic. Their eco-friendly nature and minimal purification requirements (typically, rotary evaporation drying) have spurred the expansion of DESs into analytical separations, electrodeposition, chemical and (nano)materials synthesis, (bio)catalysis, biomolecular stabilization, and biomedical therapies. − DESs have also amassed significant interest for renewable energy technologies due to their attractive electrochemical properties. ,− And yet, problematically, most DES-based electrolytes still require the incorporation of 40% or more of a conventional (volatile and sometimes flammable) organic solvent. The incorporation of common cosolvents such as water, ethanol, or ACN into DES-based electrolytes for DSSCs has been demonstrated to improve the diffusion of redox couples. − Consequently, integrating traditional solvents often enhances photovoltaic performance compared to using pure DES.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moving Beyond Choline: Protic Choline Iodide Analogues toward Cosolvent-Free, Self-Contained Deep Eutectic Electrolytes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Boogaart,

Baker

2024

ACS Appl. Eng. Mater.

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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) remain a hopeful prospect as electrolyte substitutes for traditional organic solvents and ionic liquids in dye-sensitized solar cells. The use of selfcontained DES electrolytes that incorporate the redox couple offers simplified systems, aiding in a clearer comprehension of the DES electrolyte behavior. Nevertheless, the majority of DES electrolytes, predominantly choline-based, suffer from excessively high viscosity, resulting in conversion efficiencies that barely reach a fraction of a percent. In this study, we synthesized protic choline iodide analogues, represented as [NH n Me 3−n EtOH] + I − , and combined them with ethylene glycol (EG) in different molar ratios to develop self-contained DES electrolytes. The performance of the devices was significantly enhanced as the value of n decreased from 3 to 1. Particularly, the dimethyl system (n = 1) exhibited a significantly higher photocurrent (J SC ) and open circuit voltage (V OC ) in comparison to its ethanolammonium homologues, indicating its superior potential for application in solar cell technology. All three protic analogues outperformed their choline iodide counterpart, [NMe 3 EtOH] + I − :EG, which required 25 wt % water or more to achieve fluidity at ambient temperature, resulting in a reduced photovoltaic response. The anhydrous 1:2 [NHMe 2 EtOH] + I − :EG system exhibited a notable power conversion efficiency of 3.40%. This superior performance was attributed to the excellent fluidity of this eutectic system combined with a favorable interaction with the TiO 2 surface. In contrast, the bestperforming choline iodide system achieved only half of this efficiency, measuring at 1.84%. After assembly, a solar cell incorporating the 1:2 [NHMe 2 EtOH] + I − :EG electrolyte demonstrated remarkable stability over a period of 1 month, retaining 97% of the conversion efficiency observed in a newly assembled cell. These findings suggest the potential for developing enhanced cosolventfree DES electrolytes through additional structural adjustments to choline or by departure from that motif entirely.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving Beyond Choline: Protic Choline Iodide Analogues toward Cosolvent-Free, Self-Contained Deep Eutectic Electrolytes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Boogaart,

Baker

2024

ACS Appl. Eng. Mater.

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“…The great popularity of deep eutectic solvents (DES) is due to, among other things, their intrinsic properties and versatility, making them promising candidates for a more environmentally friendly alternative to conventional solvents in many fields of application, including extraction and separation processes, electrochemistry, synthesis, biomass treatment, biocatalysis, metal processing, drug delivery, CO 2 capture, food industry, and energy storage, among others [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Among these characteristics is its good biodegradability, especially in the solvents formed only by compounds found in nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents and Nano-Liquid Chromatography towards White Analytical Chemistry: A Practical Application

Santana-Mayor,

D’Orazio,

Fanali

et al. 2024

Separations

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In this work, a green and practical analytical method based on natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) as extraction agents and nano-liquid chromatography as a separation technique was developed. To demonstrate the applicability of the methodology, alkylphenols and bisphenol A were evaluated as model compounds in olive and sunflower oils as model fatty samples by liquid–liquid microextraction. With this aim, several NADES based on mixtures of choline chloride with glycerol, lactic, ascorbic, and citric acids or glycerol with amino acids were evaluated as potential extraction solvents. In addition, to select the most suitable stationary phase for the separation of this group of contaminants, some stationary phases were tested, including Pinnacle II phenyl, Cogent Bidentate C18™, and XBridge® C18. The last one provided the best performance with an analysis time of 11 min. To solve the problem of the compatibility of hydrophilic NADES with chromatographic systems without harming the solubility of analytes, different aqueous organic mixtures were tested. Methanol/water mixtures were the most suitable as an injection solvent. Finally, following the White Analytical Chemistry principles, different tools were used to evaluate the greenness, the practicality, and applicability of the method based on the Analytical Eco-Scale, the Analytical GREEnness metric approach, and the Blue Applicability Grade Index.

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Deep Eutectic Solvent and Molten Salt‐Assisted Construction of Wheat Straw‐Derived N/O Co‐Doped Porous Carbon for Flexible Zinc‐Air Batteries

Deng,

Wei,

et al. 2024

ChemSusChem

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As a common biomass resource, wheat straw is gradually being derived as carbon materials for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in zinc‐air batteries (ZABs). Herein, the wheat straw‐derived carbon was prepared by ball milling and pyrolysis using deep eutectic solvent (DES) as the medium, which avoided the cumbersome procedures. The hydrogen bond of DES was utilized to reconstructed into a hydrogen bond network structure between DES and lignin/cellulose/hemicellulose of wheat straw. The hydrogen bond network structure was converted into N/O co‐doped porous carbon (N/O‐WSPC) with abundant N/O co‐doped sites after high‐temperature pyrolysis. Meanwhile, KHCO3 was employed to further generate hierarchical pore structures and increase the specific surface area of the N/O‐WSPC. The N/O co‐doped sites provided intrinsic ORR activity, while the porous structure facilitates the mass transfer effect. Therefore, the N/O‐WSPC exhibited a half‐wave potential of 0.87 V (vs. RHE) and a limiting current density of 5.98 mA cm−2 for ORR.The N/O‐WSPC‐based flexible ZAB displayed an energy density of 652.23 Wh kg−1 and a charging‐discharging cycle duration for over 19 h. The DES‐assisted strategy facilitates the sustainable and efficient application of wheat straw‐derived carbon materials in energy storage and conversion devices.

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Paving the way for advancement of renewable energy technologies using deep eutectic solvents: A review

Cited by 14 publications

References 144 publications

Moving Beyond Choline: Protic Choline Iodide Analogues toward Cosolvent-Free, Self-Contained Deep Eutectic Electrolytes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Moving Beyond Choline: Protic Choline Iodide Analogues toward Cosolvent-Free, Self-Contained Deep Eutectic Electrolytes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Combination of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents and Nano-Liquid Chromatography towards White Analytical Chemistry: A Practical Application

Deep Eutectic Solvent and Molten Salt‐Assisted Construction of Wheat Straw‐Derived N/O Co‐Doped Porous Carbon for Flexible Zinc‐Air Batteries

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