Pavlovian Conditioning: A Functional Perspective

Domjan, Michael

doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141409

Cited by 317 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 138 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

200

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These findings suggest that progestins, rather than E 2 , may underlie the hormonal effects on conditioning observed. Furthermore, they are commensurate with the findings from other laboratories which demonstrate that conditioning to sexuallyrelevant stimuli can occur readily (Domjan, 2005;Paredes and Alonso, 1997) with even a one-trial conditioned place preference approach. As discussed below, typically 4 or 6 pairings is necessary when hormones are administered alone without being paired with sexually-relevant stimuli.…”

Section: Progestins Estrogen and Conditioningsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…During behavioral estrus (proestrus), when rats are most receptive to mating, acquisition of conditioned avoidance responses is reduced compared to on diestrous (Diaz-Veliz et al, 2000), which may enable aversive aspects of mating to be tolerated. Environmental stimuli associated with mating, when E 2 and progestin levels are elevated, readily become conditioned stimuli (Domjan, 2005). For example, rats that have high E 2 and progestin levels readily learn to show preference for a setting associated with mating (Frye et al, 1998;Gonzalez-Flores et al, 2004;Oldenburger et al, 1992;Paredes and Alonso, 1997).…”

Section: Progestins Estrogen and Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Progestins influence motivation, reward, conditioning, stress, and/or response to drugs of abuse

Frye

2007

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Progesterone (pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione; P) and its metabolite 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one (3α,5α-THP) are secreted by ovaries, adrenals, and glial cells. 3α,5α-THP in the midbrain ventral tegmental area mediates sexual receptivity of rodents through its actions at GABA A , NMDA, and/ or D 1 receptors. The extent to which 3α,5α-THP may influence anti-anxiety/anti-stress effects, conditioning and/or reward through these substrates and/or by altering hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis function is discussed. Biosynthesis of 3α,5α-THP occurs in responses to mating and may underlie some of the rewarding aspects of sexual behavior. Recent findings from our laboratory which demonstrate that progestins can enhance approach to novel stimuli, conditioning, and reinforcement are reviewed. How progestins' effects on these processes may underlie response to drugs of abuse is considered and new findings which demonstrate interactions between progestins and cocaine are presented.

show abstract

Section: Progestins Estrogen and Conditioningsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Progestins Estrogen and Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progestins influence motivation, reward, conditioning, stress, and/or response to drugs of abuse

Frye

2007

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The unusual temporal parameters of CTA learning have raised questions about whether this learning involves unique signaling mechanisms, which might imply that the patterns of coincident activation in the amygdala revealed here are unique to the CTA paradigm (23,24). Arguing against this notion is an accumulating literature which shows that CTA learning has fundamental similarities with other associative learning paradigms, including a short-term and long-term memory phase (25,26) and heavy reliance on signaling pathways such as cAMP response element-binding (CREB) protein (27) and protein kinase A (PKA) (28) in the amygdala.…”

Section: Us Responses Are Enhanced For Forward-conditioned (Cs-us) Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing stimulus convergence in amygdala neurons during associative learning

Barot

Kyono

Clark

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A central feature of models of associative memory formation is the reliance on information convergence from pathways responsive to the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US). In particular, cells receiving coincident input are held to be critical for subsequent plasticity. Yet identification of neurons in the mammalian brain that respond to such coincident inputs during a learning event remains elusive. Here we use Arc cellular compartmental analysis of temporal gene transcription by fluorescence in situ hybridization (catFISH) to locate populations of neurons in the mammalian brain that respond to both the CS and US during training in a one-trial learning task, conditioned taste aversion (CTA). Individual neurons in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) responded to both the CS taste and US drug during conditioning. Coincident activation was not evident, however, when stimulus exposure was altered so as to be ineffective in promoting learning (backward conditioning, latent inhibition). Together, these data provide clear visualization of neurons in the mammalian brain receiving convergent information about the CS and US during acquisition of a learned association.Arc ͉ memory ͉ novelty ͉ plasticity ͉ taste aversion conditioning A central issue in behavioral neuroscience is how alterations in neural activity mediate the durable behavioral changes involved in learning. Current concepts of associative memory formation are based on the premise that plasticity relies on convergence of information from pathways responsive to the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US) (1-3). Yet despite impressive progress in defining underlying neuronal circuitry and probable sites of association for several associative learning models (2, 4-6), identification of neuronal populations where convergent activation actually occurs during learning remains elusive. Electrophysiological studies have made inroads toward this goal, but are hampered by limited sampling ability, especially when the targets are convergent neurons, which are likely to be sparsely distributed during any single training trial. In those studies where convergent activation was recorded, animals were either anesthetized or had already reached asymptotic performance on a learning task (5-7).The imaging method known as cellular compartmental analysis of temporal gene transcription by fluorescence in situ hybridization (catFISH) can circumvent several of the technical limitations that have made it difficult to sample broad regions of the mammalian brain with high cellular and temporal resolution during a learning event (8). In particular, catFISH serves as a functional imager that allows investigators to distinguish neuronal populations activated by two distinct behavioral experiences. CatFISH utilizes Arc (or Arg 3.1), an immediate early gene (IEG) that is expressed in forebrain glutamatergic neurons after periods of enhanced activation (9, 10). The innovative features of catFISH rely on the time course of Arc mRNA locali...

show abstract

“…Unlike CRs, the unconditioned response (UCR) produced by the aversive UCS is typically characterized as an unlearned response. However, learning-related changes in UCRs have been observed in prior Pavlovian conditioning research (Domjan, 2005). Specifically, CS-UCS pairings attenuate UCR amplitude relative to a UCS presented alone (Kimble andOst, 1961, andKimmel, 1966).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Neural correlates of unconditioned response diminution during Pavlovian conditioning

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pavlovian conditioning research has shown that unconditioned responses (UCR) to aversive unconditioned stimuli (UCS) are reduced when a UCS is predictable. This effect is known as UCR diminution. In the present study, we examined UCR diminution in the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal by varying the rate at which a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) was paired with an aversive UCS. UCR diminution was observed within several brain regions associated with fear learning, including the amygdala, anterior cingulate, auditory cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex when a CS continuously relative to intermittently predicted the UCS. In addition, an inverse relationship between UCS expectancy and UCR magnitude was observed within the amygdala, anterior cingulate, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, such that as UCS expectancy increased the UCR decreased. These findings demonstrate UCR diminution within the fMRI signal, and suggest that UCS expectancies modulate UCR magnitude.

show abstract

Pavlovian Conditioning: A Functional Perspective

Cited by 317 publications

References 138 publications

Progestins influence motivation, reward, conditioning, stress, and/or response to drugs of abuse

Progestins influence motivation, reward, conditioning, stress, and/or response to drugs of abuse

Visualizing stimulus convergence in amygdala neurons during associative learning

Neural correlates of unconditioned response diminution during Pavlovian conditioning

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About