PAX7, a Key for Myogenesis Modulation in Muscular Dystrophies through Multiple Signaling Pathways: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Muscular dystrophy is a heterogenous group of hereditary muscle disorders caused by mutations in the genes responsible for muscle development, and is generally defined by a disastrous progression of muscle wasting and massive loss in muscle regeneration. Pax7 is closely associated with myogenesis, which is governed by various signaling pathways throughout a lifetime and is frequently used as an indicator in muscle research. In this review, an extensive literature search adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was performed to identify research that examined signaling pathways in living models, while quantifying Pax7 expression in myogenesis. A total of 247 articles were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS), PubMed and Scopus databases and were thoroughly examined and evaluated, resulting in 19 articles which met the inclusion criteria. Admittedly, we were only able to discuss the quantification of Pax7 carried out in research affecting various type of genes and signaling pathways, rather than the expression of Pax7 itself, due to the massive differences in approach, factor molecules and signaling pathways analyzed across the research. However, we highlighted the thorough evidence for the alteration of the muscle stem cell precursor Pax7 in multiple signaling pathways described in different living models, with an emphasis on the novel approach that could be taken in manipulating Pax7 expression itself in dystrophic muscle, towards the discovery of an effective treatment for muscular dystrophy. Therefore, we believe that this could be applied to the potential gap in muscle research that could be filled by tuning the well-established marker expression to improve dystrophic muscle.

Subcutaneous Infusion of DNA-Aptamer Raised against Advanced Glycation End Products Prevents Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in Accelerated-Aging Mice

“…Among these molecules, the gene expression levels of Pax7 and Il-6 were significantly decreased in the soleus muscles of SAMP8 mice, and these changes were not attenuated by AGE-Apt treatment. Pax7 is a transcriptional factor in satellite cells, which are the precursor cells of skeletal muscles [48,49]. Pax7 has been shown to play a significant role in skeletal muscle regeneration by regulating satellite cell proliferation and differentiation, thereby acting protectively against skeletal muscle atrophy.…”

“…In contrast to Pax7, the role of IL-6 in skeletal muscle atrophy development is controversial [49]. IL-6 is a cytokine that can exert pleiotropic effects on various types of tissues and organs, including the skeletal muscles [50].…”

Nursing Care and Education of the Family of a Child With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

“…Health Problems of Civilization eISSN: 2354-0265 ISSN: 2353-6942 appropriate feeding method depending on the route of administration (oral feeding, gavage, gastrostomy, parenteral nutrition) -the patient should receive small portions of warm food at short intervals [18].…”

Integrated Amino Acids and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Arginine Transporter SLC7A2 Is a Novel Regulator of Myogenic Differentiation

“…Skeletal muscle, which accounts for approximately 40% of body weight, plays a vital role in human activities and movements [ 1 ]. The size of muscle fibers is influenced by various factors including exercise, nutrition, and aging [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Muscle fiber growth is dependent on a process known as myogenesis, which involves the proliferation of satellite cells.…”