Payback without bookkeeping: The origins of revenge and retaliation

Wiegman, Isaac

doi:10.1080/09515089.2019.1646896

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Such behavior has been associated with a predatory behavioral chain, including orientation, approach, chasing, and capture. Alternatively, the behavioral pattern of the subjects in Tinsley et al’s study can be viewed as a retaliation reaction typical of mammals upon reward omission or even reward downshift (Wiegman, 2019). Whether reflecting an innate or early learned behavior, fighting away agents identified as causatives of potential reward loss may confer an ecological advantage (DeDeo et al, 2010).…”

Section: Conditioned Inhibition: the Cumulative Effect Of Inhibitory ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditioned inhibition, inhibitory learning, response inhibition, and inhibitory control: Outlining a conceptual clarification.

Sosa¹

2024

Psychological Review

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Inhibition can be defined as a phenomenon in which an agent prevents or suppresses a behavioral state that would otherwise occur. Associative learning studies have extensively examined how experiences shape the acquisition of inhibitory behavioral tendencies across many species and situations. Associative inhibitory phenomena can be studied at various levels of analysis. One could focus on the trajectory of behavioral change involved in learning from negative statistical associations between discrete events (inhibitory learning). Alternatively, one could be interested in the effects of accumulated experience with those negative associations (conditioned inhibition). One could rather be interested in how organisms implement what they learn through experiences involving negative associations (response inhibition). Yet one could inquire into how the capacity of learning negative associations and performing accordingly varies between individuals and along time for the same individual (inhibitory control). This paper presents a tentative taxonomy addressing different levels of analysis of associative inhibitory phenomena by using different terms for each. In addition, recent evidence and certain unresolved issues at each level are thoroughly scrutinized and contrasted with prior findings. The empirical and theoretical advances made by modeling inhibition as an associative learning phenomenon have provided scaffolds for the current knowledge and emerging accounts of the topic. Some of those emerging accounts have the potential to bridge different levels of analysis and foster "cross-pollination" of ideas among broad fields beyond associative learning.

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Section: Conditioned Inhibition: the Cumulative Effect Of Inhibitory ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditioned inhibition, inhibitory learning, response inhibition, and inhibitory control: Outlining a conceptual clarification.

Sosa¹

2024

Psychological Review

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“…First, given the pervasiveness of response-dependent concepts in the domain of emotion, there may be important cultural echoes of other biological passions (if any there are). The logic of contamination might be joined by the logic of danger (a cultural echo of fear), the logic of bonding (a cultural echo of attachment), and the logic of outrage and payback (a cultural echo of anger, as in Wiegman, 2019). If so, this could lead to a new way of thinking about the origins and nature of the so-called higher cognitive emotions.…”

Section: Conclusion: Biological Influences On Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Disgust and the logic of contamination: Biology, culture, and the evolution of norm (over)compliance

Wiegman

Fischer

2021

Mind & Language

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Many people feel compelled to disassociate themselves from wrongdoing. We call judgments to the effect “disassociation intuitions.” Do disassociation intuitions have a common cause? Why do they seem so obvious and resistant to countervailing reasons? How did they become so widespread? Here, we argue that disassociation intuitions are a natural product of gene‐culture co‐evolution. We also consider the mechanism that gene‐culture co‐evolution employed to achieve this result, arguing that a plausible candidate is disgust and its cultural echoes. This theory of disassociation intuitions suggests a promising research program in the philosophy of psychology, which provides new ways of thinking about higher cognitive emotions, and biologically constrained cognitive capacities generally.

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“…This internalization, pointing at an intrinsic motivation to choose an action affecting the other agent's well-being, will be labeled "caring" in this paper. While the above refers to prosocial behavior (positive caring), it should be immediately added that antisocial behavior (negative caring), that is, the costly infliction of a detriment on another agent (like a sanction), is also increasingly observed across the same evolutionary ladder (Fehr and Gaechter 2000, Wiegman 2019, West et al 2002, Kiers et al 2011. This is consistent with the view that both prosocial and antisocial behavior are important for survival and fitness -for instance, to avoid the exploitation of prosocial behavior -, and should therefore jointly be allowed for in a behavioral model of organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Informational Affective Tie Mechanism: On the Role of Uncertainty, Context, and Attention in Caring

Winden

2021

SSRN Journal

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This paper proposes and applies a formal theoretical model of an automatic (prosocial and antisocial) caring mechanism: the informational affective tie mechanism (iATM) model. Novel in the formalization is the factoring in of information extraction concerning the behavioral type of agents interacted with, jointly with the contexts of these interactions and the attention they attract. Empirical support comes from five very different data sources: experimental findings, econometric results, model-based brain scanning (fMRI) findings, additional neurobiological evidence, and translational and evolutionary evidence. Applications address: the impact of time pressure and cognitive load; the endogeneity of different behavioral response patterns (like tit-for-tat); social preference drift and tipping points in collective action; why behavioral survey questions can be problematic; spread of caring through affective networks, an uncertainty-based link between social-, risk-and time-preferences; happiness and identity; and, the neglected political economic role of communities (next to centralized authorities and markets). The endogeneity of caring preferences sharply contrasts with the standard assumption in economic theory of stable (mostly selfish) preferences. Moreover, the provision of a neurobiological underpinning moves the iATM model away from the standard as-if approach towards an as-is approach. Although the focus is on humans, some attention will be paid also to the model's relevance for studying other species.

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Payback without bookkeeping: The origins of revenge and retaliation

Cited by 7 publications

References 73 publications

Conditioned inhibition, inhibitory learning, response inhibition, and inhibitory control: Outlining a conceptual clarification.

Conditioned inhibition, inhibitory learning, response inhibition, and inhibitory control: Outlining a conceptual clarification.

Disgust and the logic of contamination: Biology, culture, and the evolution of norm (over)compliance

The Informational Affective Tie Mechanism: On the Role of Uncertainty, Context, and Attention in Caring

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