Paying Comprehensive Attention to the Temperature-Dependent Dual-Channel Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Mechanism of Fluorescence Ratio Probe BZ-DAM

Abstract

The mechanism of fluorescence detection of diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP) based on 2-substituted benzothiazole (BZ-DAM) was studied by a theoretical calculation method. It should not be ignored that both the BZ-DAM and the detection product BZ-CHO have two excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) channels. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) theory were used to study the photophysical mechanism of two compounds in two channels in (acetonitrile) ACN solvent, and the temperature dependence of the two channels was given. Channel 1 is more likely to exist at low temperatures and channel 2 is more likely to exist at high temperatures. By theoretical analysis of the constructed potential energy curve, the hydrogen bond energy and electron-hole analysis, we confirmed that both molecules undergo ESIPT and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) processes in channel 1 and ESIPT and twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) coupling processes in channel 2. The formation of product BZ-CHO molecules led to a significant fluorescence blue-shift phenomenon and inhibited the ICT process, which confirmed that BZ-DAM could be used as a fluorescence probe for fluorescence detection. We sincerely hope that this work will not only help to clarify the excited-state dynamics behavior of the BZ-DAM probe but also provide a new idea for designing and optimizing a new chemical dosimeter.

Modulating the ESIPT Mechanism and Luminescence Characteristics of Two Reversible Fluorescent Probes by Solvent Polarity: A Novel Perspective

“…Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) is a photophysical process that promotes the interconversion isomerisation between enol and keto in molecules under photoexcitation [17][18][19][20][21]. Because of the significant Stokes displacement emission of the ESIPT process [22,23], it has been extensively used in organic luminescent materials, fluorescent probes, biosensors, molecular light switches and other fields [24][25][26][27][28]. As early as the 1950s, Weller et al demonstrated that methyl salicylate had ESIPT characteristics and proposed a mechanism of molecular isomerisation leading to double fluorescence [29].…”