Pb, Bi, and rare earth free X6R barium titanate–sodium niobate ceramics for high voltage capacitor applications

Abstract

0.9Ba(Ti1−xMgx)O3−x-0.1NaNbO3 (BTNN-100xMg) solid solutions are investigated with a view to developing Bi, Pb, and rare earth free, high voltage multilayer ceramic capacitors. Mg doping on the B-site significantly reduced the electronic conductivity and resulted in ceramics that could withstand a pulsed unipolar field of >300 kV/cm (Emax) to give a recoverable energy density of 3.4 J/cm3 at 82.6% efficiency for x = 0.01. The high Emax is accompanied by a high dielectric permittivity (ε′ ∼ 1700 at room temperature) with temperature-stable dielectric permittivity of Δε/ε298K ≤ ±15% and loss tangent tan δ < 0.02 from 116 to 378 K, corresponding to an X6R designation in the Electronic Industry Alliance codes.

A/B-sites disorder-induced relaxor phase transition and inhibit the grain size of BaTiO3 ceramic to enhance energy storage properties

“…The results show the largest W rec 2.86 J cm −3 and highest η ∼ 92% and the largest ΔP were obtained at Zr = 0.05. The highest value of W rec at Zr = 0.05 is due to the presence of the nano-domain's R, O, and T coexistence phases instead of the macroscopic domains of ferroelectricity [46]. The unipolar hysteresis curve of BT-BMZ 0.05 under different applied frequencies (2-20 Hz) at ambient temperature and 100 kV cm −1 is displayed in figure 7(d).…”

High energy storage performance of lead‐free Nb‐modified (Bi0.2Na0.2Ca0.2Ba0.2Sr0.2)TiO3 high‐entropy ceramics

“…Therefore, extensive studies have been conducted on the energy storage performance of relaxor ferroelectrics and great progress has been made. 7,8 High-entropy ceramics (HECs), incorporating the concept of "high entropy" into ceramic materials, have received a lot of attention in dielectric ceramics and offer more opportunities for regulating performance strategy. 9 Characterized by intrinsic chemical disorder, significant lattice distortion, and a complex ion valence state, HECs with perovskite structure are prone to form relaxor ferroelectrics and thus possess high energy storage performance.…”

Lead-free BaTiO3-based relaxor ferroelectric thin film rendering rapid discharge rate for pulsed power energy application

“…1,2 The inherent instability of natural renewable energy sources like solar and wind power necessitates the demand for the advancement of energy storage technologies such as batteries, supercapacitors, and dielectric capacitors. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Traditional dielectric capacitors are gaining renewed research interest owing to their low self-discharge, high thermal stability, rapid charge-discharge rate, and remarkable high-power density. 10 These features make them suitable for applications in numerous pulsedpower systems in commercial, transport and communication, the internet of things, and sensing fields.…”