Pb(II) adsorption from aqueous solutions by raw and treated biomass of maize stover – A comparative study

Application of response surface methodology for Cd(II) adsorption on maize tassel-magnetite nanohybrid adsorbent

“…Since the sorbent had abundant binding sites, the gradual occupancy of these sites over different times resulted in an increase in uptake of Cd(II) ions from 47.06 to 93%. Beyond equilibrium, the sorption became constant because the active sites were now saturated so there was minimum or no significant adsorption [14]. Solution pH affects both the ionisation of the functional groups present on the surface of the adsorbent and the metal ions [35].…”

“…The adsorption decreased as the temperature increased from 20 to 50 C, showing that low temperature favours Cd(II) removal from aqueous solutions. It was observed that the maximum removal 93.88% was found at 20 C. The general trend in decrease of Cd(II) with increase in temperature may be attributed to the Cd(II) ions escaping from the solid phase with rise in temperature of solutions [14]. The optimum temperature of 20 C was used for all further experiments.…”

“…The most desirable method for the trace metal ions removal from aqueous solutions is adsorption due to its environmental compatibility, ease of operation and high efficiency [12][13][14]. The choice of suitable precursors for adsorption of trace metal ions from aqueous solutions is very important.…”

Marula seed husk (Sclerocarya birrea) biomass as a low cost biosorbent for removal of Pb(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution

“…The aforementioned processes have significant disadvantages, such as incomplete removal, high reagent or energy requirements, and generation of toxic sludge [12]. Biosorption has been suggested as an emerging, competitive, effective and inexpensive technology because of its high efficiency and easy handling nature for heavy metal ion removal [13].…”

Application of Central Composite Design in the Adsorption of Ca(II) on Metakaolin Zeolite

“…The removal efficiency decreased as temperature was increased from 20 to 40 ∘ C, showing that low temperature favors Ca(II) removal from aqueous solutions. The decrease of Ca(II) removal may be attributed to the Ca(II) ions escaping from the solid phase with the rise in temperature of solutions [29]. The optimum temperature of 20 ∘ C was used for all further experiments.…”