PbTiO3 thin films grown by mixed reactive thermal co-evaporation

Spectroscopic ellipsometry study ofxPbO–(1 −x)TiO2thin films elaborated by mixed reactive thermal co-evaporation

“…A metal foil covered the borders of each substrate to provide a sharp edge on the film for metric thickness measurement. The growth process has already been described by Sorli et al [8]. The synoptic scheme of the deposition chamber, the details and the optimal deposition conditions of the films have also been reported by the same authors [8].…”

“…The growth process has already been described by Sorli et al [8]. The synoptic scheme of the deposition chamber, the details and the optimal deposition conditions of the films have also been reported by the same authors [8].…”

“…The average grain size of our polycrystalline PT films stabilizes at approximately 100 nm after thermal annealing at 550 • C for 460 s. It is observed that the grains tend to cover the surface when the duration of annealing increases. The details of chemical, morphological aspects and the crystalline structure of the PT thin films have been described elsewhere by our group using different techniques such as x-ray diffraction (XRD) and TEM [8].…”

Formation of PbTiO3 thin films on seed layers using DC magnetron layer-by-layer deposition

“…Many different physical and chemical deposition techniques are used to prepare lead-based titanate ferroelectric films. These include RF magnetron sputtering [8], pulsed laser deposition [9,10], solegel technique [11e14], chemical vapor deposition [15e17], and reactive thermal co-evaporation [18]. Perovskite PbTiO 3 structure with useful properties is formed at relative high temperature (500e600 C) [19].…”