[PbX₆]⁴⁻modulation and organic spacer construction for stable perovskite solar cells

Abstract

The unique lattice structure and chemical bonding nature of perovskites endow them with illustrious photovoltaic properties, which have enabled perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to reach a power conversion efficiency (PCE)...

Crystal growth of two-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites and their application in photovoltaics

“…The [BX 6 ] 4− octahedrons link each other via corner-sharing way, and the A-position cations are located at the center of the eight adjacent [BX 6 ] 4− octahedrons. 29 Theoretically, the lasting stability of the perovskite device has a good relationship with the octahedron structural stability, and the tolerance factor ( τ ) was introduced by Goldschmidt to quantitatively characterize the performance. 30 The formula is as follows, and the theoretical τ value of the stable perovskite should be 0.8–1.0.Here, R A , R B , and R X refer to the ionic radii of the A-position cations, B-position metal ions, and X-position atoms, respectively.…”

Origins, Impacts, and Mitigation Strategies of Strain in Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Unfortunately, the corner‐sharing octahedral skeleton's poor bonding strength causes a drop in activation energy ( E a ) and the creation of defects, which speed up ion migration and cause the lattice structure to collapse. [ 22 ] In practice, because of the mismatched α between the substrate and perovskite materials, it is straightforward to add tensile strain during the cooling phase. This causes the perovskite's lattice to expand under tensile strain, which directly influences the octahedral structure by changing the bond angle of B—X—B and B—X bond length.…”

“…A key factor in avoiding the undesirable phase change, suppressing ion migration, and improving the intrinsic stability of perovskite is optimizing the [PbI 6 ] 4− octahedral structure or minimizing the intragrain strain brought on by octahedral distortion. [ 22 ] The main strategies include the A‐site cation regulation, B/X site adjustment, and additive in perovskite composition.…”

Efficient and Stable Quasi‐2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells by Tailoring Crystal Orientation and Passivating Surface Defects

“…[39][40][41][42] In particular, numerous defect sites exist on the top surfaces of the OIHP layers because volatile species such as small organic cations or halide anions exhibit easy migration and escape, hindering interlayer charge transport between the photoactive OIHP layers and the chargetransport layer (CTL). [43][44][45] Hence, passivation of the top surfaces of OIHPs is crucial for achieving high-performance OIHP-based PSCs. For ideal top surface engineering, the passivation materials should 1) not have an adverse effect on the OIHPs; 2) passivate both anion and cation defects; and/or 3) enhance charge carrier extraction to the CTLs while minimizing recombination in OIHP materials.…”