PCB and PCDD/DF concentrations in EGG and poultry meat samples from known urban and rural locations in wales and england

Lovett, Andrew A.; Foxall, Chris; Creaser, Colin S.; Chewe, D.

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(98)00233-1

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Follow-up studies were performed during the winter at the first farm and the levels in eggs from hens that were kept inside, strongly suggested that the source of the contamination was not the feed, but the outdoor environment (unpublished). Similar has been observed in other studies but in these cases the soil was clearly contaminated with dioxins (Stephens et al 1990, 1995, Schuler et al 1997, Lovett et al 1998, Harnly et al 2000, Petreas et al 1991, Air et al 2002, Pussemier et al 2004. Another study was performed in the autumn of 2003, when a large number of farms producing organic eggs were visited and investigated for possible sources of dioxins and factors that may contribute to the exposure of hens to dioxins (Brandsma et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Carry-over of dioxins and PCBs from feed and soil to eggs at low contamination levels – influence of mycotoxin binders on the carry-over from feed to eggs

Hoogenboom¹,

Kan

Zeilmaker

et al. 2006

Food Additives and Contaminants

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Laying hens were fed with compound feed containing six different levels of dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs and indicator PCBs for a period of 56 days. This was followed by a period of 56 days on clean feed. Dioxin levels in feed varied from background levels to three times the current EU tolerance limit of 0.75 ng TEQ/kg. At all dose levels a rapid increase was observed in the dioxin levels in eggs. There was a clear linear dose-response relationship between the dioxin levels in eggs and feed. The feed containing 0.4 ng TEQ dioxins per kg resulted in egg levels just above the EU limit of 3 pg TEQ/g fat. Dioxin-like and indicator PCB residues followed a pattern very similar to that of dioxins. Exposure to the highest indicator PCB level of 32 mg/kg resulted in egg levels around 300 ng/g fat. Exposure to dioxins through contaminated soil, mixed at 10% into the feed, resulted in a similar carry-over as from feed. Mycotoxin binders, mixed at 0.5% into the feed, had little effect on the carry-over of dioxins from the feed to the egg. It can be concluded that consumption of feed or soil with even moderate levels of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs rapidly results in increased levels in eggs. The current EU dioxin limit for feed cannot guarantee egg dioxin levels below the EU-limit.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Carry-over of dioxins and PCBs from feed and soil to eggs at low contamination levels – influence of mycotoxin binders on the carry-over from feed to eggs

Hoogenboom¹,

Kan

Zeilmaker

et al. 2006

Food Additives and Contaminants

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“…eggs produced by chickens allowed outdoor access) (Van Overmeire et al, 2009;Menotta et al, 2010;Rawn et al, 2012). The contamination of free-range hens is mainly through feed, industrial emissions and precipitation on grassland (Lovett et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human dietary exposure and levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) in free-range eggs close to a secondary aluminum smelter, Northern Italy

Squadrone

Brizio

Nespoli

et al. 2015

Environmental Pollution

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“…At municipal waste incinerator sites, increased emission of PCBs may originate from wood preservatives, contaminated oil, and older electrical equipment present in the waste to be handled (6,39) and/or may be formed during the combustion process (5). The release of PCAHs in the atmosphere due to waste incinerator activity can contaminate the food chain with PCBs and dioxinlike compounds (40,41). To our surprise, we could not demonstrate any link between the consumption of locally produced foodstuffs and the serum PCB or TEQ concentrations in the adolescents of Wilrijk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host and environmental determinants of polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons in serum of adolescents.

Nawrot

Staessen

Hond

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

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This study investigated host factors and environmental factors as potential determinants of polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons (PCAHs) in serum of adolescents. We recruited 200 participants (80 boys and 120 girls), with a mean age of 17.4 years (SD, 0.8), in Belgium from a rural control area (Peer) and from two polluted suburbs of Antwerp where a nonferrous smelter (Hoboken) and waste incinerators (Wilrijk) are located. We quantified polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs; congeners 138, 153, and 180) in serum by gas chromatography and obtained the toxic equivalents (TEQs) of PCAHs in serum with the chemically activated luciferase gene expression bioassay (CALUX). Serum PCB concentration was higher in boys than in girls (1.67 vs. 1.02 nmol/L or 377 vs. 210 pmol/g serum lipids; p< 0.001). In the whole adolescent group, multiple regression showed that serum PCB concentration decreased 0.06 nmol/L per 1% increase in body fat content (p< 0.001) and increased 0.39 nmol/L and 0.14 nmol/L per 1 mmol/L increase in serum concentrations of triglycerides (p < 0.001) and cholesterol (p = 0.002), respectively. Host factors explained 44% of the serum PCB variance. In the same model, serum PCB concentration increased 0.14 nmol/L with 10 weeks of breast-feeding (p< 0.001) and 0.06 nmol/L with intake of 10 g animal fat per day (p < 0.001), and was associated with residence in the waste incinerator area (9% higher; p = 0.04); 11% of the variance could be explained by these environmental factors. The geometric mean of the serum TEQ value was similar in boys and girls (0.15 TEQ ng/L or 33.0 pg/g serum lipids). In multiple regression, TEQ in serum decreased 0.03 ng/L per centimeter increase in triceps skinfold (p = 0.006) and was 29% higher in subjects living close to the nonferrous smelter (p < 0.001). This study showed that in 16- to 18-year-old teenagers host factors are important determinants of serum concentrations of PCAHs, whereas environmentally related determinants may to some extent contribute independently to human exposure to these persistent chemicals in the environment.

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PCB and PCDD/DF concentrations in EGG and poultry meat samples from known urban and rural locations in wales and england

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

Carry-over of dioxins and PCBs from feed and soil to eggs at low contamination levels – influence of mycotoxin binders on the carry-over from feed to eggs

Carry-over of dioxins and PCBs from feed and soil to eggs at low contamination levels – influence of mycotoxin binders on the carry-over from feed to eggs

Human dietary exposure and levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) in free-range eggs close to a secondary aluminum smelter, Northern Italy

Host and environmental determinants of polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons in serum of adolescents.

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