PCB levels in egg yolks associated with embryonic mortality and deformity of hatched chicks

Tumasonis, Casimir F.; Bush, Brian; Baker, Frederick D.

doi:10.1007/bf01985433

Cited by 58 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In this experiment deformities of the neck and of the toes were observed in 6 and 33, respectively, of 115 hatched chicks (Tumasonis et al 1973). The neck deformity appears similar to the deformity first noted by Durant (t926) and subsequently shown to be inherited as a simple Mendelian recessive (Knowlton 1929).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The domestic hen was chosen for the study because chicks are particularly sensitive to PCBs (Vos and Koeman 1970) and because the level of PCBs to which the developing embryo is exposed can readily be determined by analysis of the eggs. Experimental data on the effects of this PCB exposure on egg production, fertility, embryonic mortality, and morphological changes have been published (Tumasonis et al 1973).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity and persistence of PCB homologs and isomers in the avian system

Bush

Tumasonis

Baker

1974

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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This study reports the biotransformation and persistence of PCBs in the hen, her eggs, and chicks hatched from these eggs. Twelve White Leghorn hens and one rooster were given 50 /~g/ml of the PCB mixture Aroclor 1254 in their drinking water (6.3 mg/kg body weight) for six weeks. The resultant concentration in the yolk of eggs laid during the following 20 weeks and in the tissues of surviving embryos and chicks was determined by thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography. Mortality of embryos and deformity of chicks were found to be correlated with PCB content of the eggs. Moreover, after storage of the PCB mixture in the hen's body, the toxic potency of the PCB mixture deposited in the eggs more than ~t t I doubled. It was shown that 3,4,_.3,6,pentachloroblphenyl (peak 9) was cleared faster from the hen than 3,4,21,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (peak 12) and 2,3,4,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (peak 14) and that 4,4'-chlorination is more important than degree of chlorination in determining persistence of chlorinated biphenyls in the hen, embryo, and chick.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity and persistence of PCB homologs and isomers in the avian system

Bush

Tumasonis

Baker

1974

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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“…In fact, concentrations of Aroclor 1254 as great as 40 mg/kg, in the diet of white leghorn chickens did not affect productivity (38). Deformities were observed in white leghorn chickens when the concentration of Aroclor 1254 reached 10 mg/kg, ww, in the yolk (39 The results of the hazard assessment indicate that current concentrations of total PCBs in fishes of the three rivers ( Figure 6) upstream of the barrier dams should not be having adverse effects on bald eagles but that anadromous fishes below the lowest dams would present a significant hazard to bald eagles living near rivers below the dams and along the Great Lakes shoreline (Figure 7). This hazard assessment predicts the observed productivities of bald eagles in the two areas.…”

Section: Results Of Hazard Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 92%

A Review of Factors Affecting Productivity of Bald Eagles in the Great Lakes Region: Implications for Recovery

Giesy¹,

Best²,

Kramer³

1995

Environmental Health Perspectives

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2USDI-Fish and Wildlife Service, East Lansing, MichiganThe bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) population in North America declined greatly after World War II due primarily to the eggshell thinning effects of p,p'DDE, a biodegradation product of DDT. After the banning of DDT in the United States and Canada during the early 1970s, the bald eagle population started to increase. However, this population recovery has not been uniform. Eagles nesting along the shorelines of the North American Great Lakes and rivers open to spawning runs of anadromous fishes from the Great Lakes still exhibit impaired reproduction. We have explored both ecological and toxicological factors that would limit reproduction of bald eagles in the Great Lakes region. Based on our studies, the most critical factors influencing eagle populations are concentrations of environmental toxicants. While there might be some continuing effects of DDE, total PCBs and most importantly 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQ) in fishes from the Great Lakes and rivers open to spawning runs of anadromous fishes from the Great Lakes currently represent a significant hazard to bald eagles living along these shorelines or near these rivers and are most likely related to the impaired reproduction in bald eagles living there. -Environ Health Perspect 1 03(Suppl 4): 51-59 (1995)

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“…Platonow and Reinhart 196 found that hatchability was not affected when PCB concentrations in eggs were less than 5 ppm, but that 15 ppm or more caused the majority of embryos to die. Tumasonis et al 198 found that yolk levels of under 10 to 15 ppm have no adverse influence on embryo development in the chicken. The most detailed study of the residue levels causing embryonic mortality are those of Britton and Huston 188 (see Table 16).…”

Section: E Avian Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Different Aroclors were used in these studies: Britton and Huston 188 used 1242; Scott et al 187 used 1248, while Platonow and Reinhart 196 and Tumasonis et al 198 used 1254. Carlson and Duby 199 injected Aroclors 1242, 1254, and 1260 into fertile chicken eggs.…”

Section: E Avian Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%