PCBs in striped bass collected from the Hudson River, New York, during Fall, 1981

White, Robert J.; Kim, Himi T.; Kim, Jai S.

doi:10.1007/bf01609821

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The contamination of fish stocks by persistent organo-chlorines such as PCBs and DDTs and degradation products produces economic as well as ecological and health-related effects. High PCB levels have triggered the periodic closures of commercial fisheries affected by the discharge of industrialized rivers and estuaries; the Atlantic coast striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and Great Lakes fisheries are perhaps the most illustrative examples (White et al 1985;Bush et al 1989;Fabrizio et al 1991). The importance of fish as a critical pathway in the transfer of organochlorines to higher trophic level wildlife, e.g., birds and mammals, and humans is well established (e.g., Fox et al 1991;Law and Gudaitis 1994;Tillitt et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detritivorous fish contamination in the Río de la Plata estuary: a critical accumulation pathway in the cycle of anthropogenic compounds

Colombo¹,

Bilos²,

Lenicov³

et al. 2000

Journal canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques

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Aliphatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, furans, and trace metals have been quantified in fishes collected at four stations in Río de la Plata to determine contaminant sources, elucidate interstation and interspecies differences, and assess the health risks associated with fish consumption. Río de la Plata fish present low trace metal concentrations and moderate to high levels of organic pollutants, particularly aliphatic hydrocarbons and PCBs. The highest concentrations were recorded in Prochilodus lineatus, a dominant and remarkably specialized fatty detritivore that feeds on contaminated organic-rich flocculent matter. Lower levels were registered in Cyprinus carpio and especially in Mugil cephalus, reflecting different feeding preferences. A geographical pattern of higher contaminant concentrations close to the Buenos Aires urban center and lower levels in distant stations was also observed. The multivariate analysis of contaminant signatures indicated that most contaminated Prochilodus had fresh petrogenic and PCB traces, similar to fossil fuels and Aroclor 1254-1260, whereas Mugil and fish from distant sites presented a higher proportion of biogenic hydrocarbons and of more chlorinated PCBs. Toxicity equivalents ranged from 11 to 39 pg•g fresh weight -1 in Prochilodus, exceeding the guideline of 25 pg•g -1 for human consumption, with allowable consumption rates as low as 1 g fish•day -1 .Résumé : Nous avons quantifié les hydrocarbures aliphatiques, les pesticides chlorés, les polychlorobiphényles (PCB), les dioxines, les furanes et les métaux-traces chez des poissons prélevés à quatre stations dans le Río de la Plata en vue de déterminer les sources de contaminants, d'éclaircir les différences entre stations et entre espèces et d'évaluer les risques pour la santé associé à la consommation de poissons. Les poissons du Río de la Plata présentent de faibles concentrations de métaux-traces et des teneurs modérées à élevées en polluants organiques, particulièrement les hydrocarbures aliphatiques et les PCB. Les concentrations les plus élevées ont été observées chez Prochilodus lineatus, poisson gras détritivore dominant et remarquablement spécialisé, qui se nourrit de matière floculée contaminée riche en substances organiques. Des concentrations plus faibles ont été enregistrées chez Cyprinus carpio et particulièrement chez Mugil cephalus, ce qui correspond à des différences sur le plan de l'alimentation. Nous avons aussi observé un patron géographique, les concentrations de contaminants étant plus élevées à proximité du centre urbain de Buenos Aires et plus faibles aux stations éloignées. L'analyse multivariée des signatures des contaminants a indiqué que la plupart des Prochilodus contaminés présentaient des traces fraîches de matériel pétrogénétique et de PCB, semblables à celles des combustibles fossiles et de l'Aroclor 1254-1260, tandis que les Mugil et les poissons des stations éloignées présentaient une plus forte proportion d'hydrocarbures biogéniques et ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detritivorous fish contamination in the Río de la Plata estuary: a critical accumulation pathway in the cycle of anthropogenic compounds

Colombo¹,

Bilos²,

Lenicov³

et al. 2000

Journal canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques

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“…A introdução dos PCBs no organismo humano faz-se através do ar 35 , da água 18,26,34,66 , do solo 22 e, especialmente, dos alimentos tais como carne, leite, ovos, hortaliças, peixes, aves, etc. 5,7,29,66 ; os envoltórios dos alimentos, fabricados com papel contendo PCBs que é reciclado, são fonte importante de contaminação alimentar 1 , assim como silos contaminados.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…5,7,29,66 ; os envoltórios dos alimentos, fabricados com papel contendo PCBs que é reciclado, são fonte importante de contaminação alimentar 1 , assim como silos contaminados.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Acúmulo de policloretos de bifenila na população do Grande São Paulo, Brasil

et al. 1987

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Halogenated Biphenyls

Mukerjee¹

2001

Patty's Toxicology

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Polyhalogenated biphenyls are a family of compounds based on biphenyl as the parent compound. Chlorinated and brominated biphenyls have been manufactured for commercial purposes. There are 209 possible structural congeners of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and for polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) the same number of congeners can exist. A listing of all PCB congeners is given along with their Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) Registry numbers an identifying numbering system are given. PCBs used commercially are complex mixtures consisting of various PCB congeners and isomers. It has been estimated that in the United States a total of 1400 million pounds of PCBs were manufactured of which 150 million pounds were exported, and 3 million pounds were imported. Because of their nonflammability, thermal stability, outstanding dielectric properties, and resistance to chemical reactivity, PCBs have been used extensively as dielectric fluids in liquid‐cooled electric motors, transformers, capacitors; electromagnets, vacuum pumps, gas turbines, hydraulic fluids; heat‐transfer systems; voltage regulators, liquid‐filled cable, fluorescent light ballasts, electronic equipment; as plasticizers in synthetic resins, adhesives, surface coatings, sealants, printing and carbonless coping papers, pesticide extenders, inks, lubricants, and cutting oils. PCBs have also been used in slide mounting medium for oil immersion lens microscopy. Although PCBs are no longer produced and their use has been discontinued in most countries, many old equipment filled with PCBs are still in service today. World wide approximately 800,00 tons of PCBs are still in use. These equipments are the new sources of environmental contamination when PCBs start leaking or when the equipments are disposed of. Commercial production of polybrominated biphenyls in the United States began in 1970 and was discontinued in early 1977. The general population may be exposed to PCBs from a variety of sources, including food, ambient air, occupational settings, and consumer products. The major exposure routes to humans are through food. Accidental oral exposures to PCBs have been reported. In all cases, total PCB levels must be based on specific congener analysis or direct perchlorination rather than in terms of Aroclors because the congener patterns in environmental media and biological tissues usually do not match those in Aroclor fluids unless massive contamination has occurred (typical of spills and some occupational situations). Thus predictive models based on specific congener data must also be utilized. The less chlorinated congeners predominate in air samples from known contaminated areas and in water and wet deposition samples with temperature and the amount of sediment in river and water samples being important covariables. In contrast, the more highly chlorinated isomers with substituents at the 2,4,5 or 2′,4′,5′ positions tend to bioaccumulate in some crop vegetables, game animals, fish, and human tissue samples. PCBs in contaminated soils can be absorbed by plants and vegetables with shallow‐root systems to PCB contamination, although volatilization in this situation is also favored; erosion of such soils will also cause contamination of sediments. The more chlorinated congeners dominate in soils and sediments and the resident biota (cash crops, vegetables, fish, aquatic life). The absolute levels in any situation depend on which of the competing processes dominates. PCB mixtures produce low to moderate acute toxicity in mammalian species, but produce pronounced subacute and chronic toxicity. In contrast, invertebrates exhibit greater acute toxicity to PCBs (LC 50 s<1 mg/L). In addition, as reported for other halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, PCBs exhibit significant interspecies variability in toxicity. In considering the health effects of PCBs in animals, it is important to consider the isomer and congener composition of the PCBs, potential impurities, the length of exposure, and the species under investigation.

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PCBs in striped bass collected from the Hudson River, New York, during Fall, 1981

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Detritivorous fish contamination in the Río de la Plata estuary: a critical accumulation pathway in the cycle of anthropogenic compounds

Detritivorous fish contamination in the Río de la Plata estuary: a critical accumulation pathway in the cycle of anthropogenic compounds

Acúmulo de policloretos de bifenila na população do Grande São Paulo, Brasil

Halogenated Biphenyls

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