PCDD/Fs in textiles — Part II: Transfer from clothing to human skin

Klasmeier, Jörg; Mühlebach, Anneke; McLachlan, Michael S.

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(98)00176-3

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…56 A small part can also be transferred directly through human skin. 57 Textiles could be a significant source of dioxins and/or precursor compounds for the formation of dioxins and other POPs by incineration. However, information on the emissions of dioxins and other POPs from textile dyes and the pigment sector is limited due to a lack of complete and accurate emission data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dioxins and Dioxin‐Like Persistent Organic Pollutants in Textiles and Chemicals in the Textile Sector

Križanec

Maréchal

2006

ChemInform

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dioxins and Dioxin‐Like Persistent Organic Pollutants in Textiles and Chemicals in the Textile Sector

Križanec

Maréchal

2006

ChemInform

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“…In soils with high organic content, dioxins are tightly bound and are less available for release, and a value of 0.1% is used for dermal absorption fraction. A recent study indicates that between < 0.1 and 3% of dioxins present in either polyester or cotton fabrics are transferred to human skin over 72 hr (32). Because pulp is a mixture of highly organic fibers, it is likely that the dioxins are tightly bound to the fibers and are not readily bioavailable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dermal absorption of dioxins in solutions is greater than absorption from dioxins bound to organic matter (8,27,31,32). The Abs used in this scenario was estimated at 28% (8), based on dermal absorption of dioxins in aqueous solutions from in vivo and in vitro experimental data (8,27,31,32). The urine load was set at 45 g/diaper (27).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure assessment to dioxins from the use of tampons and diapers.

DeVito

Schecter

2002

Environ Health Perspect

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Over the past several years there has been concern over exposure to dioxins through the use of tampons and other sanitary products. This article describes attempts to estimate dioxin exposures from tampons and infant diapers; we then compare exposure estimates to dietary dioxin exposures. We analyzed four brands of tampons and four brands of infant diapers obtained from commercial establishments in San Francisco, California, for dioxin concentrations. We estimated exposures to dioxins on the basis of a screening level analysis that assumed all dioxins present were completely absorbed. We also estimated exposures by using a more refined analysis that incorporates partition coefficients to estimate bioavailability. None of the products contained 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, the most potent dioxin, although other dioxins were present at detectable concentrations in all samples. We observed minimal differences in the concentrations of dioxins between 100% cotton and cotton/pulp products. The refined exposure analysis indicates that exposures to dioxins from tampons are approximately 13,000-240,000 times less than dietary exposures. The refined exposure analysis showed that exposure to dioxins from the diet is more than 30,000-2,200,000 times the exposure through diapers in nursing infants. Although dioxins are found in trace amounts in both cotton and pulp sanitary products, exposure to dioxins through tampons and diapers does not significantly contribute to dioxin exposures in the United States.

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“…[1][2][3]7,8 Thus, although only a limited number of observations from a variety of article-substance pairs are available, it seems that cotton wipe tests roughly simulate real human dermal contact and that the results of these transfer experiments at least give an indication of the transfer of substances from articles to skin. However, the results indicate that the transfer depends on the nature of the cotton wipe test.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Wipe Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas the application of various personal care products provokes intended skin exposure, release of substances from consumer articles to skin is in general unintended. However, release of substances from articles to the skin is reported in a number of cases, for example, with regard to bisphenol A upon holding a thermal printing paper, 1 dioxins and furans on skin of volunteers wearing contaminated T-shirts, 2 and fragrances from scented candles to hands of volunteers. 3 Furthermore, studies mimicking dermal exposure events by artificial sweat extractions of dye and additives from textiles, 4,5 and phthalates in plastic sandals 6 have demonstrated detectable release to skin-relevant matrices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental estimation of migration and transfer of organic substances from consumer articles to cotton wipes: Evaluation of underlying mechanisms

Clausen

Spaan

Brouwer

et al. 2015

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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The aim of this work was to identify the key mechanisms governing transport of organic chemical substances from consumer articles to cotton wipes. The results were used to establish a mechanistic model to improve assessment of dermal contact exposure. Four types of PVC flooring, 10 types of textiles and one type of inkjet printed paper were used to establish the mechanisms and model. Kinetic extraction studies in methanol demonstrated existence of matrix diffusion and indicated the presence of a substance surface layer on some articles. Consequently, the proposed substance transfer model considers mechanical transport from a surface film and matrix diffusion in an article with a known initial total substance concentration. The estimated chemical substance transfer values to cotton wipes were comparable to the literature data (relative transfer ∼ 2%), whereas relative transfer efficiencies from spiked substrates were high (∼ 50%). For consumer articles, high correlation (r(2)=0.92) was observed between predicted and measured transfer efficiencies, but concentrations were overpredicted by a factor of 10. Adjusting the relative transfer from about 50% used in the model to about 2.5% removed overprediction. Further studies are required to confirm the model for generic use.

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PCDD/Fs in textiles — Part II: Transfer from clothing to human skin

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

Dioxins and Dioxin‐Like Persistent Organic Pollutants in Textiles and Chemicals in the Textile Sector

Dioxins and Dioxin‐Like Persistent Organic Pollutants in Textiles and Chemicals in the Textile Sector

Exposure assessment to dioxins from the use of tampons and diapers.

Experimental estimation of migration and transfer of organic substances from consumer articles to cotton wipes: Evaluation of underlying mechanisms

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