PCDDs/PCDFs reduction by good combustion technology and fabric filter with/without activated carbon injection

Tejima, Hajime; Nakagawa, I.; Shinoda, Takaaki; Maeda, Isao

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(95)00243-x

Cited by 42 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…However, the PCDD/F concentrations in flue gas were markedly decreased with PAC injection. The PAC injection was followed by various types of APCDs to enhance removal of PCDD/Fs, which approached 92-99% (Tejima et al, 1996;Dong et al, 2001a;Dong et al, 2001b;Abad et al, 2003). However, PAC injection only helps adsorb PCDD/Fs when it does not decompose PCDD/Fs.…”

Section: Experimental Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A dry scrubber combined with a bag filter with powder activated carbon (PAC) injected is the most effective technique for controlling PCDD/F emissions (Blumbach and Nethe, 1994;Buekens and Huang, 1998;Lee et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2005). Notably, PAC injection is followed by various types of APCDs to enhance the removal of PCDD/Fs, which can approach 92-99% for MSWIs (Tejima et al, 1996;Dong et al, 2001a;Dong et al, 2001b;Abad et al, 2003). After dioxins have been adsorbed onto the PAC, the PAC with fly ash is then captured by the bag filter and removed as fly ash.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of PCDD/Fs in a Particles Filtration Device with Activated Carbon Injection

Wang

Lin

Chang-Chien

2009

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Although numerous investigations have monitored polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emissions from large municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) and undertaken laboratory experiments to identify the formation mechanisms of PCDD/F, the PCDD/F profiles inside an air-pollution control device have seldom been determined. This study presents the outcome of a dioxin abatement program that injected particulate activated carbon (PAC) into an MSWI. The fly ashes collected from different locations in a bag filter were examined and the mass distribution was determined. Emissions from the stack were sampled to analyze PCDD/F content after injections of 10, 13 and 17 kg/h PAC. The concentration of PCDD congeners decreased from 117.00 to 0.32 ng/Nm 3 and that of PCDF decreased from 94.84 to 0.19 ng/Nm 3 . The concentrations of filter cake ashes in different chambers and at different locations varied at 105.11-147.53 ng/g. Based on mass balance evaluation, the flow rate of PCDD/Fs in filter cake ash was 3.33 ± 0.50 ng/min; this value was roughly six times higher than that of fly ash in the disposal pit, indicating that filter cake ash treatment warrants considerable attention due to the policy for controlling PCDD/Fs.

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Section: Experimental Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of PCDD/Fs in a Particles Filtration Device with Activated Carbon Injection

Wang

Lin

Chang-Chien

2009

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…For example, the removal efficiency of total PCDD/Fs and the international toxicity equivalence (I-TEQ) value were found to be 57% and 58%, respectively, after injecting powder activated carbon (PAC) in a hazardous waste incinerator (Karademir, et al, 2004). However, the PAC injection was followed by various types of air pollution control devices to enhance the removal efficiency of PCDD/Fs, approaching the range of 92%-99% in a municipal waste incinerator (Tejima, et al, 1996;Abad et al, 2003). A combination of air pollution control devices, including a dry scrubber, activated carbon injection and bag filters have been frequently used, achieving overall removal efficiencies of up to 99% (Li et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans from an Electric Arc Furnace, Secondary Aluminum Smelter, Crematory and Joss Paper Incinerators

Chiu

Shen

et al. 2011

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) from the stack flue gases, fly ashes and bottom ashes of various stationary sources were investigated. The mean total PCDD/F I-TEQ concentration of flue gas ranged from 0.00681 to 0.703 ng I-TEQ/Nm 3 . However, the emission factor of PCDD/F from various incinerators was 0.00827 to 3.50 µg I-TEQ/ton, whereas it was 5.36 µg I-TEQ/body for a crematory (CM). In addition, the mean total PCDD/F I-TEQ content in fly ash from an electric arc furnace (EAF) and a secondary aluminium smelter (secondary ALS) were 74.0, and 49.9 ng I-TEQ/kg, respectively, whereas they are 21.3 and 0.494 ng I-TEQ/kg for bottom ash. Meanwhile, the removal efficiency of PCDD/F by bag filters from EAF was -44.4% which is attributed to the "memory effect". The indicatory PCDD/Fs of EAF, and secondary ALS have the same congeners (1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF, 2,3,7,8-TeCDF, and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF). In addition, CM, joss paper-A (JP-A) and joss paper-B (JP-B) incinerators have similar indicatory PCDD/F (2,3,4,6,7, OCDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7, and OCDD). The high contribution of total PCDD/F is from fly ash (61.1-95.3%) for metallurgical facilities (EAF, secondary ALS), whereas 99.9% contribution of stack flue gas is from JP-A and JP-B. In conclusion, continually monitoring various PCDD/F emission sources is necessary to understand current PCDD/F emission (flue gas, fly/bottom ash) and the related removal efficiency of existing air pollution control devices. Information about both emission factors of PCDD/Fs and indicatory PCDD/F congeners are useful for the establishment of control strategies and for use as fingerprints with regard to the dominant congeners from different emission sources.

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“…The filtration face velocity, v f , determines the required filter area for a given gas flow rate and fixes the contact time of the gas within the voids of the filter cake. Although both dust and lime 4,15 are known to possess active sites, these are, however, 2 orders of magnitude lower than for adsorbents and have been excluded. The parameters influencing the cake removal of PCDD/F can be summarized as (1) d, the thickness of the filter cake (m), on average only a few mm; (2) v f , the face filtration velocity (m/sec); (3) ε, voidage of the filter cake (Ϫ), approximately 0.5; (4) B , the bulk density of the cake (kg/m 3 ); (5) t f , the contact time in the cake (sec), in other words,…”

Section: Adsorption Of Gaseous Pcdd/f In Entrained Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of PCDD/F from Incinerator Flue Gases by Entrained-Phase Adsorption

Everaert

Baeyens

Degrève

2002

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The emission abatement of polychlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDD/F) issued from municipal solid waste incineration is growing in importance because of more stringent emission standards and general concern about their toxic characteristics. These substances cannot be separated by conventional gas cleanup processes but are successfully removed through adsorption onto carbonaceous materials. The simplest technique is the entrained-phase injection of pulverized adsorbents in the flue gas, followed by fabric filter separation. The various related techniques are briefly reviewed here. Operating conditions and results obtained from Flemish MSWIs are given. The results illustrate the excellent overall removal efficiency. Furans are adsorbed to a slightly higher extent than dioxins.PCDD/F removal by carbonaceous adsorbents is thereafter modeled from first principles for the contribution of both entrained-phase ( 1 ) and cake filtration ( 2 ) to the overall efficiency ( T ). Application of the model equations and comparison of measured and predicted overall efficiencies for the Flemish municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) demonstrate that the approach is meaningful and that the dominant parameters are the operating temperature, the dosage and activity of adsorbent, and the fraction of adsorbent in the filter cake. The model equations enable the MSWI operators to predict the adsorption efficiencies for any combination of operating parameters and to assess the sensitivity of the process to varying operating conditions.

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PCDDs/PCDFs reduction by good combustion technology and fabric filter with/without activated carbon injection

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Characteristics of PCDD/Fs in a Particles Filtration Device with Activated Carbon Injection

Characteristics of PCDD/Fs in a Particles Filtration Device with Activated Carbon Injection

Emissions of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans from an Electric Arc Furnace, Secondary Aluminum Smelter, Crematory and Joss Paper Incinerators

Removal of PCDD/F from Incinerator Flue Gases by Entrained-Phase Adsorption

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