PCIT for Children with Callous-Unemotional Traits

Fleming, Georgette E.; Kimonis, Eva R.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97698-3_2

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Call content included discussion of recent parent or family stressors, behavioral difficulties since the previous call, and PCIT strategies that could be implemented to address behavioral difficulties. The development, refinement, and content of the PCIT-CU protocol is described in detail elsewhere (Fleming & Kimonis, 2018;Kimonis et al, 2019; CARES module: see Datyner et al, 2016;Template for Intervention Description and Replication [TIDieR] checklist provided in Appendix A). All families participated in one parent-only Teach session and six parent-child Coach sessions each for the CDI, PDI, and CARES (PCIT-CU group only) phases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One PMT program that integrates child-centered play, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT; Eyberg & Funderburk, 2011), was adapted to target many of the unique vulnerabilities of children with CU traits (Fleming & Kimonis, 2018). Standard PCIT comprises two distinct, sequential phases delivered via in-vivo coaching of parents using a wireless headset from behind a one-way mirror.…”

Section: Randomized Controlled Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parent Training Adapted to the Needs of Children With Callous–Unemotional Traits: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2022

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Randomized Controlled Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parent Training Adapted to the Needs of Children With Callous–Unemotional Traits: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2022

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“…To maximize results, these programs should be tailored to the unique characteristics that define this specific group (e.g., remorseless, lack of empathy, manipulation), and should include those factors that have been proven to be potential mechanisms of change in psychopathic personality (e.g., parental warmth). Some promising results from the applied context have shown that focusing on improving parental warmth, whilst declining inconsistent and coercive parenting, may have clinical value not only in reducing problematic behavior in children with high psychopathic traits, but also in favoring a significant reduction in all affective, interpersonal, and behavioral features of psychopathic personality [ 45 , 57 ]. Based on current findings, these effects could be also strengthened by stimulating the development of conscience through specific socioemotional training, favoring emotion recognition and affective responsivity [ 79 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since guilt and empathy can be identified early in life, and because they play an important role in the development of psychopathic traits [ 9 , 35 ], the current study only focused on the emotional components of CD. Furthermore, because parental warmth has proven to be relevant in the development of both CD and psychopathic traits [ 38 , 47 , 56 ], being also an important target for recent adaptations to intervene with children high on psychopathic traits [ 57 ], it was included as a measure of parenting. We expected that both parental warmth and fearlessness would drive effects on psychopathic traits via CD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychopathic Traits in Childhood: Insights from Parental Warmth and Fearless Temperament via Conscience Development

et al. 2021

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The role of psychopathic traits in predicting more serious and persistent patterns of child conduct problems has been well documented. The jointly presence of interpersonal (grandiose–deceitful), affective (e.g., callous–unemotional), and behavioral psychopathic traits (impulsive–need of stimulation) identifies a group of children at increased risk of psychosocial maladjustment. The present study aims to disentangle the underlying mechanisms by examining how early parenting (i.e., warmth) and child temperament (i.e., fearlessness) predict later psychopathic traits, via conscience development (CD). Data were collected in a large sample of children (n = 2.266; 48.5% girls), aged 3 to 6 at the onset of the study (Mage = 4.25; SD = 0.91), who were followed up one and two years later. The results showed direct effects from fearlessness to interpersonal and behavioral psychopathic traits. Parental warmth, fearless temperament, and their interaction, predicted CD, which, in turn, showed a negative effect on psychopathic traits. The indirect effects indicated significant negative mediation effects of warmth through CD on psychopathic traits, which seem to be stronger when children present lower levels of fearlessness. Overall, these results contribute to better understand the development of child psychopathic traits and provide additional insight on effective strategies that will help to restrain the potential development of a high-risk profile in early childhood.

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“…In addition, the American Psychological Association [ 42 ] states that to display the effectiveness of an intervention, a minimum of 9 replicated single-case studies should be performed. Furthermore, attrition rates according to the standard PCIT ranged between 34% and 77% [ 43 ]. Specifically, in the Netherlands, a previous study showed a 40% attrition rate [ 19 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Virtual Reality to Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Enhancement of Positive Parenting Skills: Study Protocol for Single-Case Experimental Design With Multiple Baselines

Scherpbier¹,

Abrahamse²,

Belleman³

et al. 2022

JMIR Res Protoc

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Background Disruptive behavior is a common reason for young children to be referred to mental health care services worldwide. Research indicates that treatments for child disruptive behavior where parents are the primary agents of change are most impactful. Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is an effective parent management training program currently implemented in therapeutic settings within the Netherlands. Ongoing research into improving the effectiveness of PCIT is being done within these settings. To further promote the key elements of PCIT, this study focuses on creating the opportunity for parents to practice positive parenting skills more outside of the clinical setting by adding virtual reality (VR) as an additional homework element. PCIT has shown to make impactful long-term improvements in parental warmth, responsiveness, and the parent-child relationship. Through VR, parents practice the taught parenting skills out loud in the comfort of their own homes in VR scenarios. We expect that VR addition will innovatively increase the effectiveness of PCIT. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the added value of VR to PCIT by using a multiple baseline single-case experimental design (SCED). We expect to find that PCIT-VR will ameliorate positive parenting skills. By implementing the VR element, we secondarily expected that meeting the skill criteria will be achieved sooner, treatment completion rates will increase, and the parent-child relationship will be better, whereas parental stress and child disruptive behavior will decrease. Methods A total of 15 children (aged 2-7 years) with disruptive behavior and their parents will be followed throughout the PCIT-VR treatment. Using a multiple baseline SCED with 3 phases, 15 families will fill out questionnaires weekly, in addition to having pre- and posttreatment and follow-up measurements to monitor their positive parenting skills, child disruptive behavior, parenting stress, and VR progress. Moreover, quantitative information and qualitative interviews will be analyzed visually and statistically and summarized to provide a complete picture of experiences. Results As of February 2021, 6 families have been enrolled in the study at the moment of submission. Data collection is projected to be completed in 2023. Quantitative and qualitative results are planned to be published in peer-reviewed journals, as well as being presented at national and international conferences. Conclusions The SCED—with its phased design, randomization, and the opportunity to replicate and assess both individual and group treatment effects—and adaptability of the VR technology are the strengths of the study. The risks of increased type I errors, maturation effects, or technological failure will be mitigated with the right statistical support. This study aims to magnify the scope of the treatment through additional skill training, ultimately in support of routinely implementing VR within PCIT. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/34120

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PCIT for Children with Callous-Unemotional Traits

Cited by 15 publications

References 62 publications

Parent Training Adapted to the Needs of Children With Callous–Unemotional Traits: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Parent Training Adapted to the Needs of Children With Callous–Unemotional Traits: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Psychopathic Traits in Childhood: Insights from Parental Warmth and Fearless Temperament via Conscience Development

Implementation of Virtual Reality to Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Enhancement of Positive Parenting Skills: Study Protocol for Single-Case Experimental Design With Multiple Baselines

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