PCM-based domestic solar water heating in Malaysia: Setbacks and countermeasures

Abstract

Solar water heating (SWH) systems have yet to be widely employed despite their promising features for hot water production, especially in rural areas. This paper discusses several setbacks to the implementation of SWH systems. Generally, the setbacks are related to weather issues, the collector’s technical damages, and financial constraints. A few potential countermeasures to these setbacks are also listed.