PCMHs, ACOs, and Medication Management: Lessons Learned from Early Research Partnerships

Schnur, Evan S.; Adams, Alex J.; Klepser, Donald G.; Doucette, William R.; Scott, David

doi:10.18553/jmcp.2014.20.2.201

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The barriers identified in this narrative review align with those noted in prior reviews and demonstrates that barriers to MTM implementation have persisted since Medicare Part D was implemented in 2006. 10,[15][16][17][18][19]21,22,25,26,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36]40,41,[43][44][45][46][47][48] More work is needed to overcome these challenges and produce consistently positive outcomes from MTM. 48 The literature points to considerations for potential solutions for overcoming each of the identified challenges to MTM delivery and these are summarized below.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lack of familiarity and limited expectations from the service, not being referred for MTM from physicians, and cost concerns were commonly cited as barriers. 45 Literature cited that patients do not understand the expanding role of the community pharmacist in healthcare. Many consumers see pharmacists as only dispensers of medications, and not as healthcare professionals that collaborate with their physicians.…”

Section: Patient Engagementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<p>Medication Therapy Management: Current Challenges</p>

Ferreri¹,

Hughes²,

Snyder³

2020

IPRP

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Medication therapy management (MTM) services have evolved as a means for pharmacists and other providers to assist patients and caregivers in improving therapeutic outcomes and reducing health care expenditures. More than a decade has passed since the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 provided pharmacists with the opportunity to deliver MTM services to Medicare beneficiaries. MTM continues to offer pharmacists the opportunity to use their knowledge; yet, pharmacists have reported challenges with service delivery. Identifying the challenges that affect MTM services in pharmacy practice is necessary in order to seek improvement to MTM delivery. This narrative review explores the current challenges pharmacists face with MTM delivery, summarizes potential solutions for addressing challenges, and seeks to incite further debate, service reconfiguration, and ultimately service improvement of pharmacist-provided MTM services.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Patient Engagementmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Medication Therapy Management: Current Challenges</p>

Ferreri¹,

Hughes²,

Snyder³

2020

IPRP

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“…By entering into a CPA, a physician-pharmacist collaboration for infectious diseases such as influenza and GAS pharyngitis may facilitate earlier identification and treatment in a manner that is ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP IN OUTPATIENT SETTINGS consistent with the principles of team-based care such as the patient-centered medical home. [30][31][32] While most CPAs today represent partnerships between outpatient physicians and community pharmacists, state and local health departments may additionally explore CPAs as a way to improve care. In a 2014 policy statement, the National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) urged its members: ''Where feasible, local and state health departments and pharmacies are advised to forge Collaborative Practice Agreements, which authorize pharmacists to administer vaccines, provide medical countermeasures, or provide patient care services under established protocols for certain patients and populations.''…”

Section: Physician-pharmacist Group a Streptococcus Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Stewardship in Outpatient Settings: Leveraging Innovative Physician-Pharmacist Collaborations to Reduce Antibiotic Resistance

Klepser¹,

Adams²,

Klepser

2015

Health Security

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Antibiotic resistance is one of the world's most pressing public health problems. Historically, most drug-resistant bacteria have emerged in hospital settings, yet the vast majority of antimicrobials used in humans in the United States are administered in outpatient settings. Strong collaboration between physicians and pharmacists in the development of antimicrobial stewardship programs in outpatient settings is thus a critical strategy for curtailing antibiotic resistance. Recently, pilot projects have been launched in 3 states that pair physicians and community pharmacists under a Collaborative Practice Agreement (CPA) to treat patients with influenza and group A Streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis. Under this model, community pharmacists use rapid point-of-care tests to guide clinical decision making and initiate treatment as appropriate under a physician-led, evidence-based protocol. Experience with this research initiative has suggested this model can lead to more judicious use of antibiotics and antivirals, improve public health, and provide safe and convenient care for patients.

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“…In general, models to integrate pharmacists and reimburse for MTM services, specifically comprehensive medication reviews (CMRs) and TMRs are widespread and growing . As Medicaid and private insurances add MTM billing opportunities, MTM continues to expand beyond the Medicare Part D realm and is becoming of greater practical utility for preconception care service offerings due to the typical age restrictions of Medicare Part D. Different MTM models reimburse for MTM services based on time, while others reimburse for MTM services based on the number of interventions/service complexity . It should be noted that condition‐specific billing codes may not be necessary, as the billing code reflects the fact that a pharmacist is providing a service, and not that the service is related to a specific health condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, models to integrate pharmacists and reimburse for MTM services, specifically comprehensive medication reviews (CMRs) and TMRs are widespread and growing. [34][35][36][37] As Medicaid and private [34][35][36][37][38][39] It should be noted that condition-specific billing codes may not be necessary, as the billing code reflects the fact that a pharmacist is providing a service, and not that the service is related to a specific health condition. Therefore, pharmacists may be able to use these existing MTM billing codes to seek reimbursement for preconception care services.…”

Section: Financial Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Preconception care and contraception services: Opportunities for community pharmacists

Bright

Mager

2019

J Am Coll Clin Pharm

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There are multiple opportunities for community pharmacists to take on greater roles in the delivery of preconception care and contraceptive services, and pharmacists have indicated interest in developing and expanding such services. Therefore, the objective of this review is to summarize published literature related to community pharmacists' provision of preconception care and contraceptive interventions to help guide related service development and raise awareness about potential opportunities to further expand and integrate such services into practice. Two searches were performed on February 5, 2019 of Medline, Academic Search Complete, and the International Pharmaceutical Abstracts databases from database inception to December 31, 2018. The first search utilized the terms [([contraception or birth control or family planning or contraceptive] OR contraception education OR contraceptives OR contraceptive access) AND ([pharmacists or pharmacist] OR pharmacy OR community pharmacy OR community pharmacist)]; the second search utilized the terms [(preconception OR preconception care OR preconception counseling OR preconception health OR [“preconception care” or “pre‐pregnancy care” or “prepregnancy care”]) AND ([pharmacists or pharmacist] OR pharmacy OR community pharmacy OR community pharmacist)]. Inclusion criteria for the review were articles written in English describing a community pharmacist‐delivered service in the United States. Six articles detailed community pharmacists' roles in contraception, including prescribing hormonal and emergency contraception and administration of injectable contraception. Each study found high rates of patient uptake and satisfaction with these services. One article detailed community pharmacists' provision of preconception care services; again, there was rapid uptake of the service. These articles together highlighted the logistical ease, economic viability, and patient acceptance of such services. Opportunities to expand and integrate these services exist. Published data show that community pharmacists have demonstrated provision of contraceptive and preconception care services in the US, and opportunities exist to grow these programs.

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PCMHs, ACOs, and Medication Management: Lessons Learned from Early Research Partnerships

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

<p>Medication Therapy Management: Current Challenges</p>

<p>Medication Therapy Management: Current Challenges</p>

Antimicrobial Stewardship in Outpatient Settings: Leveraging Innovative Physician-Pharmacist Collaborations to Reduce Antibiotic Resistance

Preconception care and contraception services: Opportunities for community pharmacists

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