PCR analysis of the presence and location of Mycobacterium avium in a constructed reed bed, with implications for avian tuberculosis control

Drewe, Julian Ashley; Mwangi, David; Donoghue, Helen D.; Cromie, Ruth

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00618.x

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…EM are ubiquitous in the environment, having been isolated from a variety of sources including natural waters, drinking water distribution systems [10]–[12], biofilms, hot tubs and spas, peat, acid brown swamps, potting soils [13] reed beds [14] and acidic boreal forest soils [15]–[18]. They have also been isolated from dust, milk and from the salivary glands of insects [19]–[21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospecting Environmental Mycobacteria: Combined Molecular Approaches Reveal Unprecedented Diversity

et al. 2013

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BackgroundEnvironmental mycobacteria (EM) include species commonly found in various terrestrial and aquatic environments, encompassing animal and human pathogens in addition to saprophytes. Approximately 150 EM species can be separated into fast and slow growers based on sequence and copy number differences of their 16S rRNA genes. Cultivation methods are not appropriate for diversity studies; few studies have investigated EM diversity in soil despite their importance as potential reservoirs of pathogens and their hypothesized role in masking or blocking M. bovis BCG vaccine.MethodsWe report here the development, optimization and validation of molecular assays targeting the 16S rRNA gene to assess diversity and prevalence of fast and slow growing EM in representative soils from semi tropical and temperate areas. New primer sets were designed also to target uniquely slow growing mycobacteria and used with PCR-DGGE, tag-encoded Titanium amplicon pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR.ResultsPCR-DGGE and pyrosequencing provided a consensus of EM diversity; for example, a high abundance of pyrosequencing reads and DGGE bands corresponded to M. moriokaense, M. colombiense and M. riyadhense. As expected pyrosequencing provided more comprehensive information; additional prevalent species included M. chlorophenolicum, M. neglectum, M. gordonae, M. aemonae. Prevalence of the total Mycobacterium genus in the soil samples ranged from 2.3×107 to 2.7×108 gene targets g−1; slow growers prevalence from 2.9×105 to 1.2×107 cells g−1.ConclusionsThis combined molecular approach enabled an unprecedented qualitative and quantitative assessment of EM across soil samples. Good concordance was found between methods and the bioinformatics analysis was validated by random resampling. Sequences from most pathogenic groups associated with slow growth were identified in extenso in all soils tested with a specific assay, allowing to unmask them from the Mycobacterium whole genus, in which, as minority members, they would have remained undetected.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospecting Environmental Mycobacteria: Combined Molecular Approaches Reveal Unprecedented Diversity

et al. 2013

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“…Some of the best-studied ancient pathogens include M. tuberculosis and M. leprae, the causative agents of tuberculosis and leprosy, diseases that have afflicted humankind for thousands of years. DNA belonging to these pathogens has been detected in ancient skeletal remains found in various geographical regions of the world; however, their history of infection is still debated (104)(105)(106)(107)(108)(109)(110). As previously discussed, mycobacterial DNA seems to be particularly resistant to degradation due to its high guaninecytosine content as well as the high mycolic acid content in their cell walls (35,111,112).…”

Section: What Are Ancient Microbes Telling Us So Far? Insights Into Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleomicrobiology: a Snapshot of Ancient Microbes and Approaches to Forensic Microbiology

Rivera-Pérez

Santiago-Rodríguez

Toranzos

2018

Environmental Microbial Forensics

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Paleomicrobiology, or the study of ancient microorganisms, has raised both fascination and skepticism for many years. While paleomicrobiology is not a recent field, the application of emerging techniques, such as DNA sequencing, is proving essential and has provided novel information regarding the evolution of viruses, antibiotic resistance, saprophytes, and pathogens, as well as ancient health and disease status, cultural customs, ethnic diets, and historical events. In this review, we highlight the importance of studying ancient microbial DNA, its contributions to current knowledge, and the role that forensic paleomicrobiology has played in deciphering historical enigmas. We also discuss the emerging techniques used to study the microbial composition of ancient samples as well as major concerns that accompany ancient DNA analyses. WHY STUDY ANCIENT DNA? For the first time, ancient and modern genetic research is going hand in hand (1). Eske Willerslev Nucleic acids and modern sequencing analyses are the pivot for research in microbiology, as they provide insights into microbial gene pools and essential cellular processes. Particularly, the ability to isolate and sequence ancient DNA (aDNA) is of increasing importance, as it demonstrates gene evolution and also allows us to peek into the possible mechanisms for DNA preservation. aDNA studies have raised both fascination and skepticism, yet information yielded by such studies has served as the basis to understand the origins and evolution of animal and human groups (2-4), culture (5, 6), diet (7), and ancient diseases (8). The study of aDNA is not restricted to extinct animals and plants, as it applies to recoverable DNA from any life form preserved in ancient specimens, including microorganisms (9). Paleomicrobiology, or the study of these ancient microorganisms, may go back as far as the 1920s, when researchers, including Chas B. Lipman, isolated microbes from coal dating back millions of years. Lipman was also one of the first to state that dormancy, or a state of

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“…from poultry waste of 3.13 and 2.96, respectively, for sequential and continuous loading to a SSF reedbed. Drewe, Mwangi et al (2009) report complete removal of Mycobacterium avium (causal agent of avian tuberculosis) within a reedbed treatment system for captive wildfowl waste. Wider ranges of attenuation have been reported for the treatment of municipal/domestic wastewaters: coliphages (0.67-2.64 log 10 ), enterovirus (0.33-1.82 log 10 ), Clostridium (0.28 log 10 -complete), Giardia (0.43 log 10 -complete), Cryptosporidium (0.28 log 10 -complete) and helminths (complete).…”

Section: On-farm Treatment Of Contaminated Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health

Dufour¹,

Bartram²,

Bos³

et al. 2013

wio

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The excreta (faeces and urine) of mammals and birds are widespread across planet Earth and frequently contaminate water that is used for bathing and recreation, that is treated and distributed for human consumption, and that is used to irrigate crops.The risk that such contamination represents to human health is inadequately understood. It is widely assumed that faeces of animals represents a lesser risk to human health than human faeces of because of the 'species barrier' and especially the species-specificity of most viruses. This book points to a rational and systematic way of assessing the risks and to cost-effective approaches to manage them. The information presented is expected to have important consequences for prioritisation of preventive and remedial interventions.

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PCR analysis of the presence and location of Mycobacterium avium in a constructed reed bed, with implications for avian tuberculosis control

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Prospecting Environmental Mycobacteria: Combined Molecular Approaches Reveal Unprecedented Diversity

Prospecting Environmental Mycobacteria: Combined Molecular Approaches Reveal Unprecedented Diversity

Paleomicrobiology: a Snapshot of Ancient Microbes and Approaches to Forensic Microbiology

Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health

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