PCR and microsatellite analysis of diminazene aceturate resistance of bovine trypanosomes correlated to knowledge, attitude and practice of livestock keepers in South-Western Ethiopia

Yohannes, Moti; Deken, R. De; Thys, É.; Abbeele, Jan Van Den; Duchateau, Luc; Delespaux, V.

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.02.015

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Trypanosoma b. brucei is found in various domestic ungulates but it is particularly virulent in dogs, camels and horses, the latter often succumbing to infection within a few months in the absence of treatment. In areas where more than one trypanosome species is present, mixed infections in domestic animals are often encountered (Kihurani et al 1994; Auty et al 2008; Biryomumaisho et al 2013; Takeet et al 2013; Moti et al 2015) and modern molecular techniques (Desquesnes and Davila, 2002) facilitate speciation. Many wild animal species in Africa also host one or more trypanosome species and can serve as reservoirs for both human and domestic animal infective trypanosomes (Mulla and Rickman, 1988; Auty et al 2012).…”

Section: The Animal Trypanosomiases: Distribution Transmission Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the presence of parasites in treated animals could correspond to a new infection rather than to recrudescence, particularly in areas of high challenge (Rowlands et al 2001). Using microsatellite DNA markers to strain type T. congolense from cattle in Ethiopia following treatment with diminazene, essentially equal occurrences of new infection (40%) and actual relapse (37·5%) were proposed (Moti et al 2015). Other causes of treatment failure not linked to true drug resistance could be related to the poor health state of the animal (e.g.…”

Section: Drug Resistance In the Field: Definition And Extent Of The Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Available data, in 2001, indicated that resistance to isometamidium was more widespread than resistance to diminazene (Geerts et al 2001), however, this may no longer be so, as prevalence of resistance may change substantially over a few years (Delespaux et al 2008 a ). Treatment failure against T. congolense and T. vivax infections with either of these drugs has been observed in both West (Kupper and Wolters, 1983; Pinder and Authie, 1984; Knoppe et al 2006; Mungube et al 2012; Vitouley et al 2012) and East Africa (Mbwambo et al 1988; Chitambo and Arakawa, 1992 a ; Dagnachew et al 2015; Moti et al 2015). More worryingly, strains of T. congolense resistant to both isometamidium and diminazene have been detected in several locations, including Cameroon (Mamoudou et al 2008), Burkina Faso (Clausen et al 1992), Ethiopia (Codjia et al 1993; Afewerk et al 2000; Moti et al 2012), Somalia (Ainanshe et al 1992) and Zambia (Sinyangwe et al 2004), rendering their use as a sanative pair inoperative.…”

Section: Drug Resistance In the Field: Definition And Extent Of The Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The animal trypanosomiases and their chemotherapy: a review

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYPathogenic animal trypanosomes affecting livestock have represented a major constraint to agricultural development in Africa for centuries, and their negative economic impact is increasing in South America and Asia. Chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis represent the main means of control. However, research into new trypanocides has remained inadequate for decades, leading to a situation where the few compounds available are losing efficacy due to the emergence of drug-resistant parasites. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current options available for the treatment and prophylaxis of the animal trypanosomiases, with a special focus on the problem of resistance. The key issues surrounding the main economically important animal trypanosome species and the diseases they cause are also presented. As new investment becomes available to develop improved tools to control the animal trypanosomiases, we stress that efforts should be directed towards a better understanding of the biology of the relevant parasite species and strains, to identify new drug targets and interrogate resistance mechanisms.

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Section: The Animal Trypanosomiases: Distribution Transmission Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drug Resistance In the Field: Definition And Extent Of The Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drug Resistance In the Field: Definition And Extent Of The Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The animal trypanosomiases and their chemotherapy: a review

et al. 2016

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“…About 35 million doses of trypanocidal drugs are administered every year in an attempt to control the disease ( Geerts and Holmes, 1998 , Mattioli et al, 2004 ). However, those compounds have been in use for over 50 years ( Lourie and Yorke, 1939 , Watkins and Woolfe, 1952 , Brown et al, 1961 , Sahin et al, 2014 ), and numerous cases of ISM and DA resistance and treatment failures have been reported in 17 African countries, representing a serious problem in the battle against AAT ( Sinyangwe et al, 2004 , Delespaux et al, 2008a , Delespaux et al, 2008b , Moti et al, 2012 , Mungube et al, 2012 , Sow et al, 2012 , Dagnachew et al, 2015 , Moti et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic analysis of Isometamidium Chloride resistance in Trypanosoma congolense

Tihon

Imamura

Broeck

et al. 2017

International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistan

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Isometamidium Chloride (ISM) is one of the principal drugs used to counteract Trypanosoma congolense infection in livestock, both as a prophylactic as well as a curative treatment. However, numerous cases of ISM resistance have been reported in different African regions, representing a significant constraint in the battle against Animal African Trypanosomiasis.In order to identify genetic signatures associated with ISM resistance in T. congolense, the sensitive strain MSOROM7 was selected for induction of ISM resistance in a murine host. Administered ISM concentrations in immune-suppressed mice were gradually increased from 0.001 mg/kg to 1 mg/kg, the maximal dose used in livestock. As a result, three independent MSOROM7 lines acquired full resistance to this concentration after five months of induction, and retained this full resistant phenotype following a six months period without drug pressure. In contrast, parasites did not acquire ISM resistance in immune-competent animals, even after more than two years under ISM pressure, suggesting that the development of full ISM resistance is strongly enhanced when the host immune response is compromised. Genomic analyses comparing the ISM resistant lines with the parental sensitive line identified shifts in read depth at heterozygous loci in genes coding for different transporters and transmembrane products, and several of these shifts were also found within natural ISM resistant isolates. These findings suggested that the transport and accumulation of ISM inside the resistant parasites may be modified, which was confirmed by flow cytometry and ex vivo ISM uptake assays that showed a decrease in the accumulation of ISM in the resistant parasites.

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“…Nevertheless, these methods have their own weaknesses. For instance, use of trypanocidal drugs has been limited by efficacy factors because of multiple drug resistance (Moti et al 2015). Another key concern is fake and substandard drugs as well as drug safety, in terms of residues in food-producing animals (Baker et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

16S rRNA gene profiling of bacterial communities mediating production of tsetse attractive phenols in mammalian urine

Musonye

Njeru

Hassanali

et al. 2019

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research

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Several types of odours are involved in the location of host animals by tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae), a vector of animal African trypanosomiasis. Host animals’ ageing urine has been shown to be the source of a phenolic blend attractive to the tsetse. Nevertheless, limited research has been performed on the microbial communities’ role in the production of phenols. This study aimed at profiling bacterial communities mediating the production of tsetse attractive phenols in mammalian urine. Urine samples were collected from African buffalo ( Syncerus caffer ), cattle ( Bos taurus ) and eland ( Taurotragus oryx ) at Kongoni Game Valley Ranch and Kenyatta University in Kenya. Urine samples, of each animal species, were pooled and left open to age in ambient conditions. Bacteriological and phenols analyses were then carried out, at 4 days ageing intervals, for 24 days. Phenols analysis revealed nine volatile phenols: 4-cresol, ortho-cresol, 3-cresol, phenol, 3-ethylphenol, 3-propylphenol, 2-methyloxyphenol, 4-ethylphenol and 4-propylphenol. Eight out of 19 bacterial isolates from the ageing urine revealed the potential to mediate production of phenols. 16S rRNA gene characterisation of the isolates closely resembled Enterococcus faecalis KUB3006, Psychrobacter alimentarius PAMC 27887, Streptococcus agalactiae 2603V, Morganella morganii sub.sp. morganii KT, Micrococcus luteus NCTC2665, Planococcus massiliensis strain ES2, Ochrobactrum pituitosum AA2 and Enterococcus faecalis OGIRF. This study established that some of the phenols emitted from mammalian urine, which influence the tsetse‘s host-seeking behaviour, are well characterised by certain bacteria. These results may allow the development of biotechnological models in vector control that combines the use of these bacteria in the controlled release of semiochemicals.

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PCR and microsatellite analysis of diminazene aceturate resistance of bovine trypanosomes correlated to knowledge, attitude and practice of livestock keepers in South-Western Ethiopia

Cited by 29 publications

References 44 publications

The animal trypanosomiases and their chemotherapy: a review

The animal trypanosomiases and their chemotherapy: a review

Genomic analysis of Isometamidium Chloride resistance in Trypanosoma congolense

16S rRNA gene profiling of bacterial communities mediating production of tsetse attractive phenols in mammalian urine

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