PCR detection of Brucella abortus in cow milk samples collected from Erzurum, Turkey

Abstract

Exposures of Upper Jurassic reef outcrops in the Russian western Caucasus provide excellent fi eld analogues for possible reef-complex reservoir targets imaged on seismic refl ection data from the northern Shatskiy Ridge, eastern Black Sea. Th e reefs at outcrop can be generally grouped into coral-dominated, siliceous sponge-microbialite and microbialite types. Coral-dominated reefs occur as isolated patchy and massive forms, and can be subdivided into higher-diversity and low-diversity types. Th e former developed at shallow-water platform margins and in platform interiors, whilst the latter occurred in deeper-water mid-shelf settings. Siliceous sponge-microbialite and microbialite reefs occur as lenses and mounds that were restricted to deeper-water mid-outer shelf environments. Th e reefs developed on two Late Jurassic carbonate platforms in the Russian western Caucasus: the north Caucasus platform to the north and South Adler platform to the south. Th ese platforms were separated by a deep marine (Greater Caucasus) basin, along the margins of which thick shallow-water coral-dominated reefs formed. Th e southwestern margin of the north Caucasus platform probably represented a reef barrier-slope-basinal system that was structurally controlled. At the northeastern margin of this platform, in the Laba River region, inner ramp coral-dominated reefs pass northwards into deeper-water siliceous sponge-and microbialite-dominated reefs. Th e South Adler platform may extend off shore into the eastern Black Sea and the coral-dominated reefs that crop out at its northern margin form potential exploration analogues. Th e palaeowater depth of the possible isolated reef complexes imaged on the Shatskiy Ridge is unclear. If they were deposited in shallow-water, the coral-dominated reefs examined in the north Caucasus or South Adler carbonate platforms may form suitable analogues. Alternatively, if they were developed in deeper water they may be equivalent to the siliceous sponge and microbialite reefs examined in the Laba River region.

Brucella abortus detected in cheese from the Amazon region: differentiation of a vaccine strain (B19) from the field strain in the states of Pará, Amapá and Rondônia, Brazil

“…Farrokh & Farrokh (2013) used primers B4 and B5 to analyze 60 cheese samples marketed in Iran and found that 13.33% (8/60) of the samples were positive for Brucella spp., a rate lower than that obtained in the present study. In turn, Arasoğlu et al (2013) reported that 82% (273/334) of tested samples were positive for Brucella spp. in a study conducted in Turkey; this high rate may be explained by the status of Turkey as an endemic country for brucellosis.…”

Detection of Brucella spp. in the Sheep and Goats Milks from Southeastern Iran Using Culture and PCR

“…Our results confirmed that culture was not of high sensitivity for identification of bacteria in milk sample as fastidious bacteria such as Brucella are hard to grow. The negative PCR results of milk samples from 15 animals with a history of abortion does not necessarily reflect the lack of infection in animals as the bacteria might have lodged themselves in the lymph nodes and not contaminated the milk during sampling or a small undetectable number of bacteria might be present in the samples [3]. The detection of Brucella spp.…”

“…In contrast to bacterial culture method, molecular assays are more sensitive. PCR assays, as sensitive, specific and relatively inexpensive tools have been used for detection and characterization of Brucella at genus, species and biovar level in abortion samples [3,4]. This study aimed to detect Brucella bacteria in raw milk by culture method and a PCR assay targeting a specific region of the Brucella genome, the IS711 fragment.…”

Contamination of Bovine Milk With Brucella spp.: A Current Public Health Menace in Kurdistan Province of Iran

“…This proportion was 7.1% in Samsun, and 95% in Erzurum, Turkey, with all the strains identified as B. abortus, respectively (44,46). It is noteworthy to state that since vaccination against brucellosis is infrequently applied in Mediterranean and Central Asian countries, this may clarify the high rate of the infection in some cases (14,47).…”