PCR Detection of &lt;i&gt;Entamoeba histolytica&lt;/i&gt; in Microscopically Positive Stool Samples of Hospital Patients in Soroti, Eastern Uganda

Ekou, J; Nakavuma, JI; Erume, Joseph; Ocaido, Michael

doi:10.4314/ajcem.v14i1.2

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This observation compares well with results obtained in a similar study conducted in northern Ghana by (68&70) ,that showed a high prevalence (9.8%) of E. histolytica/dispar complex by microscopy and 8.8% of Entamoeba dispar but only one case of Entamoeba histolytica by PCR. These results agree with Samuel Ekuban (15) in North District of the Ashanti Region. In consonance with other studies (33) .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

DETECTION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN PROTOZOAN PARASITES IN STOOL SPECIMENS BY USING MULTIPLEX ALLELE SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (MAS-PCR) In New Damietta City, Egypt

Mohammad

2013

Zagazig University Medical Journal

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Enteric protozoa continue to be the most commonly encountered parasitic diseases causing significant morbidity and mortality in developing regions of the world affecting millions of people. This study assessed the use of Multiplex Allele Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (MAS-PCR) assay and microscopy for detection and identification of common pathogenic protozoan parasites in New Damietta city of North Delta region, Egypt. Between Jun 2013 until Sept 2013, fresh stool samples were obtained from 249 patients up to 65 years of age attending the internal clinic of the Damietta University Hospital and those visiting their general practitioner (GP) of outpatient clinics because of gastrointestinal symptoms. Stool samples collected was preserved at -200C for DNA extraction whilst the remaining was preserved in sodium acetate-acetic acid formalin and concentrated using the formol-ether technique for microscopic examination. DNA extracts were analyzed with the multiplex allele specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (MAS-PCR) for pathogenic protozoan parasites. The diagnostic results obtained using a multiplex allele specific PCR for the detection of E. histolytica/dispar, G. lamblia and C. parvum/C. hominis were compared with these obtained by routine microscopy of faecal samples from patients. 69 samples were positive by MAS-PCR assays , 9 cases of G. intestinalis infection, 34 cases of D. fragilis infection, 3 cases of E. histolytica infection, 17 cases E.dispar and 6 cases of Cryptosporidium infection in the clinical samples. By microscopy, only 32 samples were positive for one or more of the enteric protozoa, 5cases of G. intestinalis infection, 9cases of D. fragilis infection, 13 cases of E. histolytica infection, and 1 cases of Cryptosporidium infection in the clinical samples. However, there are no cases of E.dispar observed. Mixed infections were detected in 4 samples. The sensitivities varied from 58% for D. fragilis to 47% for E. histolytica, 35% for Giardia, and 30% for Cryptosporidium, while the specificities also varied from 97% for E. histolytica to 99% for D. fragilis and 100% for E.dispar . No cross-reactivity was detected in stool samples containing various other bacterial, viral, and protozoan species. This present study showed relatively high rates of protozoa infections in the study patients. The study has also demonstrated that the multiplex real time PCR assay was more sensitive compared to microscopy in the diagnosis of the intestinal protozoa parasites and thus, molecular methods must be considered the diagnostic methods of choice for enteric protozoan parasites.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

DETECTION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN PROTOZOAN PARASITES IN STOOL SPECIMENS BY USING MULTIPLEX ALLELE SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (MAS-PCR) In New Damietta City, Egypt

Mohammad

2013

Zagazig University Medical Journal

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Section: Detection Of Human Intestinal Protozoa By ……supporting

confidence: 82%

DETECTION OF HUMAN INTESTINAL PROTOZOA BY USING MULTIPLEX ALLELE SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (MAS-PCR) In New Damietta City

Mohammad

2013

Zagazig University Medical Journal

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Enteric protozoa continue to be the most commonly encountered parasitic diseases causing significant morbidity and mortality in developing regions of the world affecting millions of people. This study assessed the use of Multiplex Allele Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (MAS-PCR) assay and microscopy for detection and identification of common pathogenic protozoan parasites in New Damietta city of North Delta region, Egypt. During Jun 2013 until Sept 2013, fresh stool samples were obtained from 249 patients up to 65 years of age attending the internal clinic of the Damietta University Hospital and those visiting their general practitioner (GP) of outpatient clinics because of gastrointestinal symptoms. Stool samples collected was preserved at -200C for DNA extraction whilst the remaining was preserved in sodium acetate-acetic acid formalin and concentrated using the formol-ether technique for microscopic examination. DNA extracts were analyzed with the multiplex allele specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (MAS-PCR) for pathogenic protozoan parasites. The diagnostic results obtained using a multiplex allele specific PCR for the detection of E. histolytica/dispar, G. lamblia and C. parvum/C. hominis were compared with these obtained by routine microscopy of faecal samples from patients. 69 samples were positive by MAS-PCR assays, 9 cases of G. intestinalis infection, 34 cases of D. fragilis infection, 3 cases of E. histolytica infection, 17 cases E.dispar and 6 cases of Cryptosporidium infection in the clinical samples. By microscopy, only 32 samples were positive for one or more of the enteric protozoa, 5cases of G. intestinalis infection, 9cases of D. fragilis infection, 13 cases of E. histolytica infection, and 1 cases of Cryptosporidium infection in the clinical samples. However, there are no cases of E.dispar observed. Mixed infections were detected in 4 samples. The sensitivities varied from 58% for D. fragilis to 47% for E. histolytica, 35% for Giardia, and 30% for Cryptosporidium, while the specificities also varied from 97% for E. histolytica to 99% for D. fragilis and 100% for E.dispar . No cross-reactivity was detected in stools samples containing various bacterial, viral, and other protozoan species. This present study showed relatively high rates of protozoa infections in the study patients. The study has also demonstrated that the multiplex real time PCR assay was more sensitive compared to microscopy in the diagnosis of the intestinal protozoa parasites and thus, molecular methods must be considered the diagnostic methods of choice for enteric protozoan parasites.

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“…Amoebiasis was also diagnosed mostly using Kato-Katz method. Prevalence estimates ranged from 4.6 to 15,3% in Ethiopia ( Gedle et al, 2017 ; Gadisa and Jote, 2019 ; Sisay and Lemma, 2019 ), 5.9 to 58.3% in Kenya ( Kipyegen et al, 2012 ), 54.5% in Rwanda ( Niyizurugero et al, 2013 ), 0.7 to 2.7% in Sudan ( Karrar and Rahim, 1995 ), 19.93% in Uganda ( Ekou et al, 2012 ) and 4.5 to 5.0% in Seychelles ( Kitua et al, 1988 ; Albonico et al, 1996 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the small number of studies conducted on waterborne parasitic diseases in eastern Africa over the past seven decades, available information highlights that, prevalence of important parasitic diseases is still high in recent years. These include schistosomiasis ( Rasoamanamihaja et al, 2016 ; Tadege and Shimelis, 2017 ; Won et al, 2017 ; Spencer et al, 2017 Shumbej and Girum, 2019 ), amoebiasis ( Ekou et al, 2012 ; Niyizurugero et al, 2013 ; Gedle et al, 2017 ; Gadisa and Jote, 2019 ; Sisay and Lemma, 2019 ), giardiasis ( Kipyegen et al, 2012 ; de Lucio et al, 2016 ; Gedle et al, 2017 ; Gadisa and Jote, 2019 ; Sisay and Lemma, 2019 ) and STHs ( Mwandawiro et al, 2013 ; Davis et al, 2014 ; Freeman et al, 2015 ; Emana et al, 2015 ; Tadege and Shimelis, 2017 ; Stone and Ndagijimana, 2018 ). Most of these diseases are transmitted in poor water and sanitation environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and pattern of waterborne parasitic infections in eastern Africa: A systematic scoping review

Ngowi

2020

Food and Waterborne Parasitology

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Waterborne parasitic diseases form one of common and important public health and economic problems in low- and middle-income countries, though little is known on the burden and patterns of these diseases in most regions. This systematic scoping review informs on the prevalence and pattern of waterborne parasitic infections in eastern Africa from 1st of January 1941 to 31st of December 2019. The review found limited number of published studies on waterborne parasitic diseases, though 13 of the 15 studied countries in eastern Africa provided one or more published report(s) totalling 47 reports. Focus of studies was mainly on schistosomiasis where 44.8% of the 47 retrieved studies reported it. Other frequently reported diseases were giardiasis (23.4% of reports), soil-transmitted helminths (23.4%) and amoebiasis (21.3%). Rarely reported diseases were malaria, cryptosporidiosis, isosporiasis, dracunculiasis and trichomoniasis. Based on parasitological examinations, schistosomiasis prevalence ranged from 17 to 33% in Burundi, 1.9 to 73.9% in Ethiopia, 2.1 to 18% in Kenya, 7.2 to 88.6% in Uganda, 22.9 to 86.3% in Tanzania, 27.2 to 65.8% in Somalia, 15 to >50% in Mauritius, 2.4% in Eritrea and 5.0 to 93.7% in Madagascar. Amoebiasis prevalence was 4.6–15,3% (Ethiopia), 5.9–58.3% (Kenya), 54.5% (Rwanda), 0.7–2.7% (Sudan), 19.93% (Uganda) and 4.5–5.0% (Seychelles). Giardiasis prevalence was 0.6–55.0% (Ethiopia), 16.6% (Kenya), 3.6% (Rwanda), 21.1% (Sudan), 40.7% (Uganda), 45.0% (Eritrea) and 3.3–6.0% (Seychelles). Soil-transmitted helminths prevalence was 41.7–52.4% (Ethiopia), 32.4–40.7% (Kenya), 9997 cases (Rwanda), 85.0% (Somalia), 4.7% (Madagascar) and 1.1–84% (Seychelles), Ascaris lumbricoides , Trichuris trichiura and hookworms were the most common helminths detected. Malaria prevalence was 2.9–4.31% (Ethiopia), an annual episode of 9 million people (Sudan), 13.0% (Tanzania), 146 hospital cases (Madagascar), 1.4–2.0% (Seychelles) and <5.0% in Djibouti. It is also observed that >50% of the populations in eastern Africa region lack improved drinking water sources or sanitation facilities. This may account for the observed high prevalence of the diseases. The author also suggests likely underestimation of the prevalence as most waterborne parasitic diseases are neglected and cases likely only recorded and left unpublished in health facilities. Thus for a thorough mapping of burdens of these diseases, grey literature, including hospital records must be reviewed while interventions focusing on improved water and sanitation are likely to reduce the burden considerably.

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PCR Detection of <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> in Microscopically Positive Stool Samples of Hospital Patients in Soroti, Eastern Uganda

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

DETECTION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN PROTOZOAN PARASITES IN STOOL SPECIMENS BY USING MULTIPLEX ALLELE SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (MAS-PCR) In New Damietta City, Egypt

DETECTION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN PROTOZOAN PARASITES IN STOOL SPECIMENS BY USING MULTIPLEX ALLELE SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (MAS-PCR) In New Damietta City, Egypt

DETECTION OF HUMAN INTESTINAL PROTOZOA BY USING MULTIPLEX ALLELE SPECIFIC POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (MAS-PCR) In New Damietta City

Prevalence and pattern of waterborne parasitic infections in eastern Africa: A systematic scoping review

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