PCR Fingerprinting of Candida albicans Associated with Chronic Hyperplastic Candidosis and Other Oral Conditions

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to genotype strains of Candida albicans to determine whether specific types were associated with chronic hyperplastic candidosis (CHC). A total of 67 candidal isolates from CHC patients (n ‫؍‬ 17) and from patients with other oral conditions (n ‫؍‬ 21) were genotyped by PCR fingerprinting employing two interrepeat primer combinations (1245 and 1246 primers or 1251 primer) and a single minisatellite-specific M13 primer. The most suitable primer for fingerprint analysis was found to be primer 1251, yielding well-resolved banding patterns. For the 67 isolates tested, PCR fingerprinting delineated 25 (1245 and 1246 primers), 27 (1251 primer), and 25 (M13 primer) profiles. The majority of C. albicans isolates from multiple sites within the mouth produced identical profiles (six out of nine subjects examined). For patients for whom a series of longitudinal isolates was available, strain persistence for up to 7 years was evident for five out of eight individuals, despite episodes of antifungal therapy. Computer-assisted comparison of the interrepeat PCR fingerprints identified seven distinct profiles that were shared among isolates from different individuals. However, no association was evident among isolates of C. albicans from specific clinical conditions. Eight isolates that were initially identified as C. albicans but having atypical PCR profiles were later confirmed as Candida dubliniensis. In conclusion, the genotypic data do not indicate clonal restriction of C. albicans with respect to CHC. Furthermore, these results have demonstrated that in the majority of individuals, colonizing populations of C. albicans are clonal in nature and exhibit strain persistence.

Chronic hyperplastic candidosis: a pilot study of the efficacy of 0.18% isotretinoin

“…From this viewpoint, the utilization of vitamin A or isotretinoin could be useful for the regulation of epithelial differentiation. Isotretinoin acts on the immune system and also on the mechanisms of inflammation, and is considered to exert a chemopreventive effect against apoptosis and angiogenesis ( [16][17][18][19]. The oral cavity is a wet environment where it is not easy to apply a drug that can remain in contact with lesions for an extended time (20).…”

Assessment of Candida glabrata Strain Relatedness by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Multilocus Sequence Typing

“…Studies of C. albicans have shown that the same strain can persist for months to years, but few reports have pointed out that multiple strain types can coexist in individual patients (2,14,29). Among the 25 patients with multiple isolates, 19 patients (76%) contained multiple isolates that exhibited identical or highly related PFGE and MLST genotypes, which may imply that one strain of C. glabrata colonized each patient.…”

Candida albicansStrain Maintenance, Replacement, and Microvariation Demonstrated by Multilocus Sequence Typing

“…Some surveys of oral isolates have shown the same strain persisting for months to years (4,17). Occasionally, authors have suggested that multiple strain types coexist in samples from some patients (27,69,83), but such findings are in the minority and may reflect technical sensitivities and variabilities in the typing methodologies used in some cases.…”

“…Most longitudinal and/or multiple-site epidemiological work demonstrating strain maintenance in C. albicans has been done with superficial isolates, particularly with cultures from the oral cavities of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients (2,3,6,19,31,48,51,61,71,72,90,96), with vaginal isolates (1,37,49,64,65,73,76,91), with other sources of superficial isolates (4,17,74,97), or with superficial surveillance cultures from hospitalized patients (60,81,89). Some surveys of oral isolates have shown the same strain persisting for months to years (4,17).…”