Pd(0) complex of fuberidazole modified magnetic nanoparticles: A novel magnetically retrievable high‐performance catalyst for Suzuki and Stille C‐C coupling reactions

Abstract

Fuberidazole has been successfully immobilized onto nano‐Fe3O4 supported (3‐chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane (3‐CPTS) leading to a novel functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (FB/MNP). The Pd(0) complex, Pd‐FB/MNP, was prepared by grafting Pd (OAc)2 on FB/MNP and subsequent reduction of a synthesized Pd (II) complex using NaBH4. Pd‐FB/MNP has been characterized by FT‐IR, SEM, TGA, XRD, ICP, EDS, BET and VSM. The Pd(0) complex proved to be an efficient phosphine‐ and halide‐free recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for Suzuki as well as for Stille C‐C coupling reactions showing high catalytic activity (up to 98%). Its catalytic activity in both reactions has been studied in PEG‐400 as a green solvent. Besides, the selectivity of aryl iodide and aryl bromide over aryl chloride is observed during the C‐C coupling reaction. The catalyst could be recovered easily from the reaction mixture using an external magnet device and recycled several times without considerable loss in activity. Additionally, the results of a palladium leaching test of the nano‐catalyst demonstrate that no leaching of Pd took place during the C‐C coupling process making the procedure environmentally friendly.

Imidazolium organometallic complex of palladium on Fe3O4 nanoparticles as selective and magnetically recoverable nanocatalyst for C‐C cross‐coupling reactions

“…Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles have been prepared according to the literature. [73,74] XRD patterns were performed using a PW 1730 instrument from PHILIPS Company (Cu K α radiation from 2θ value of 10 to 80 at 40 kV and 30 mA). FT-IR spectra were recorded on VRTEX 70 model Bruker FT-IR spectrometer using KBr Pellets (4000-400 cm À1 ).…”

Adenine based Bio UiO‐66 with Pd(II) as a novel catalyst for green Suzuki cross‐coupling in aqueous media

“…One of the fundamental and important topics in the chemical synthesis of organic compounds is the catalytic formation of carbon–carbon bonds. In this field, there are many well‐known processes such as Suzuki, 1,2 Sonogashira, 3 Stille, 4 Negishi, 5 Kumada, 6 and Heck 7,8 coupling reactions that have attracted the attention of researchers, and numerous reports have been published in the literature. Among the synthesized compounds resulting from the C–C bond formation, the synthesis of biaryl compounds during Suzuki cross‐coupling has received much attention 2,9 .…”