The kinetic influence of an alkyne ligand, hexafluorobut-2-yne
(HFB), has been investigated by
studying the reactions of phosphines (PR3) with the
complexes M(CO)4(η2-HFB) (M = Fe, Ru,
Os). The rate
of production of
M(CO)3(PR3)(η2-HFB) is
independent of the nature and concentration of the phosphine in
all
cases, indicating that the rate-controlling step is CO dissociation.
The kinetic parameters, k
1
(s-1, 25 °C),
ΔH* (kJ mol-1), and
ΔS* (cal mol-1
K-1) are: 9.5, 88.2 ± 2.3, 70 ± 10
(Fe); 1.25 × 10-2, 103.6 ± 2.4,
66
± 8.6 (Ru); 3.5 × 10-3, 99.5 ± 0.8, 21
± 2.7 (Os). When the rate constants at 25 °C for
M(CO)4(η2-HFB)
are compared to those of the parent M(CO)5, the ratios are
∼3 × 1013, 1.8 × 102 and 1 ×
107 for M = Fe,
Ru, and Os, respectively. Clearly the alkyne increases the
substitution lability, and the effect is spectacular
with Fe, very large with Os, and substantial but relatively more modest
with Ru. The increased lability results
mainly from a reduced ΔH* of ∼80, 10, and 33 kJ
mol-1 for Fe, Ru, and Os, respectively, and
this is attributed
largely to stabilization of the transition state by 4-electron donation
from the alkyne ligand. Also reported are
kinetics of formation of some trans
M(CO)2(PR3)2(η2-HFB)
complexes and an extension of earlier work on
the Os(CO)5/PPh3 system.