Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Site‐Selective Cross Coupling Reaction: Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Aryl−Formyl−Chromenes and its Iminoantipyrine Analogues as Selective AChE Inhibitors

Abstract

A versatile and efficient chemo selective synthesis of 4‐aryl‐3‐formyl‐2H‐chromenes (AFC) was undertaken using Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling conditions. The key oxidative transmetalation was successfully applied to a significant range of substitutions on the chromene moiety and aryl ring in Ar(BOH)3, accommodating both electron‐rich and electron‐deficient groups. These π‐extended scaffolds exhibited green‐yellow fluorescence with a large Stokes shift and high quantum yield. Measurement of photophysical properties revealed that the compound with methoxy substitution in the chromene ring, 3t, caused a significant bathochromic shift. The AFCs obtained from this method can be transformed into biologically active 4‐aryl‐3‐iminoantipyrine‐2H‐chromenes (AAC) through functionalization of the formyl chromenes. The AFCs and AACs with methoxy substitutions (3t and 4e) were docked against AChE inhibition, and compound 4e had the lowest binding energy of −11.20 kcal/mol. DFT calculations performed on representative compounds revealed that compound 4e is more reactive than 3t, which is in accordance with the docking studies.