“…This is observed due to significantly higher surface-to-volume ratio that surpasses that of their bulk counterparts . For example, nanoparticles of platinum, palladium, − silver, − gold, , or their alloys (with Ni, Co, Cu) show high catalytic activity for model compound 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) conversion. It should be stressed that for catalytic purposes, the shape of nanoparticles is important, e.g., nanocubes of Pd show improved performance compared to other geometries. − However, typically, the drawback of nanoparticles suspension type catalysts is the tendency to be deactivated by the presence of agents (e.g., metal–organic frameworks, zeolites, and organic micelles) used to mitigate the coalescence .…”