“…Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene has a special accordion lamellar structure with active functional groups (O, OH, and F) on its surface and edges 1–4 . The unique lamellar structures with active groups endow Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene with good hydrophilicity, high electrical conductivity, and tunability, which in turn have been widely used in the fields of energy storage, 5–8 catalysis, 9–11 and composites 12–14 . However, the actual properties of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene are affected by their morphology (stacked bundles compared to single/few sheets) and active functional groups because of the strong van der Waals forces between layers, Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene has a strong tendency to agglomerate, which limits its application in polymers, composites, supercapacitors, and electrode materials 15 .…”