Pd nanowire arrays as electrocatalysts for ethanol electrooxidation

Wang, Hong; Xu, Chen; Cheng, Faliang; Jiang, San Ping

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2007.01.026

Cited by 134 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…When the reaction time is longer than 45 h, the volume of the hydrogel (and the resulting aerogel) shrinks, giving rise to an increase in density ( Figure 1g). This can be seen in the SEM of Figure 1e at an excessive reaction time of 96 h; here, some nanowire bundles in the network can be observed, possibly due to the van der Waals forces between the nanowires, resulting in a network with decreased porosity and increased density (16 mg/cm 3 ) and 45% shrunk in volume (Figure 1g). …”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…From this data, it can be seen that first the Young's modulus (E) and tensile strength increase with aerogel density because higher density samples have more intertwining connections within the network and thus are stiffer and stronger. Second, both B-5h-10 mg/cm 3 and B-45h-10 mg/cm 3 have the same density, but B-45h-10 mg/cm 3 shows higher Young's modulus and tensile strength; this can be understood from the SEM image in Figure 1c,d. Sample B-5h-10 mg/cm 3 has the chestnut-bur-like structure; at each "island" the density of nanowires is high, but much fewer are long enough to connect to the neighboring islands.…”

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confidence: 88%

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A Facile Methodology for the Production of In Situ Inorganic Nanowire Hydrogels/Aerogels

Jung

Fang

et al. 2014

Nano Lett.

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Creating inorganic nanowire hydrogels/aerogels using various materials and inexpensive means remains an outstanding challenge despite their importance for many applications. Here, we present a facile methodology to enable highly porous inorganic nanowire hydrogel/aerogel production on a large scale and at low cost. The hydrogels/aerogels are obtained from in situ hydrothermal synthesis of onedimensional (1D) nanowires that directly form a cross-linking network during the synthesis process. Such a method not only offers great simplicity but also allows the interconnecting nanowires to have much longer length. The longer length offers aerogels with remarkable porosity and surface area extremely low densities (as low as 2.9 mg/cm 3 ), are mechanically robust, and can have superelasticity by tuning the synthesis conditions. The nanowires in the hydrogels/aerogels serve both as structural support and active sites, for example, for catalysis or absorption. In this work, we have found that the as-grown hydrogels can be used directly as water filters to remove pollutants such as heavy metal ions and toxic organic contents. Our studies indicate that this method for nanowire hydrogels/aerogels production is not only economical but greatly augmented their applications in environmental, catalysis, sensing, absorption, energy storage, and beyond. KEYWORDS: Inorganic nanowires, hydrogels, aerogels, superelasticity, water purification filters P orous inorganic nanowire hydrogels/aerogels are highly attractive in applications for energy generation and storage, sensing, catalytic conversion, selective absorption and removal, or thermal insulation, and so forth.1−4 General syntheses of the inorganic nanowire aerogels have been demonstrated with template-assisted deposition followed by a template removal step such as metal electrodeposition onto a polymer template, 5 or atomic layer deposition of a metal oxide onto nanocellulose 6 or a copolymer 7 template. However, these methods are complicated and are limited in terms of porosity 8 without collapsing of the three-dimensional (3D) network during the template removal process. Because the pore geometry and pore size play a critical role in the properties and performance of these porous materials, 9 this hampers their utilization for various applications.Previously, we demonstrated that highly porous inorganic nanowire hydrogels/aerogels can be obtained by assembling the nanowires into a cross-linking network from their colloidal suspensions at the transition from semidilute to isotropic concentrated regimes without using templates or supporting materials. 10 The synthesized nanowires were initially dispersed with/without surfactant in ethanol using ultrasonication at a dilute concentration, and then the suspension was transformed into a nanowire gel by evaporating the solvent to reach the gel formation concentration (φ gel = a r −1, where a r is the nanowire aspect ratio, a r = L/d, and L is the nanowire length and d is the diameter).10 For this method, in the case of bri...

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confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 88%

A Facile Methodology for the Production of In Situ Inorganic Nanowire Hydrogels/Aerogels

Jung

Fang

et al. 2014

Nano Lett.

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“…Such obtained catalyst materials were employed as electrocatalysts for the EOR over the temperature range 20-60°C, in 0.1 M NaOH supporting electrolyte. Palladium was chosen, as Pd was previously found to exhibit high catalytic activity for ethanol oxidation in alkaline media, along with superior tolerance against CO poisoning effect [14][15][16][17][18]. It should be stressed that pure Ni foam itself does not possess any electrocatalytic activity towards the EOR [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Temperature Performance of Ethanol Oxidation Reaction at Palladium-Activated Nickel Foam

2014

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The present paper reports on ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) investigated at catalytically modified nickel foam material. The EOR was studied in 0.1 M NaOH supporting electrolyte on Pd-activated nickel foam catalyst material, obtained by a spontaneous deposition method. Catalytic modification of Ni foam resulted in a composite material having superior EOR kinetics, as elucidated through corresponding values of a.c. impedance-derived charge-transfer resistance parameter (including temperature-dependence of the EOR over the temperature range 20-60°C). The presence of a catalytic additive was disclosed from SEM and XRD analyses.

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“…In particular, a great deal of interest has been focused on the use of Pd-based alloy catalysts as an alternative for EOR where the catalytic activity may be further increased by the addition of a second metal or metal oxide promoters through the effects mentioned above. Various Pd-based catalysts have been synthesized with the addition of one or more elements including Ni [110,111], Ag [112,113], Au [114][115][116], P [117], Co [118], Sn [80,110,119,120], Ru [53], Zn [121] as well as metal oxides like SnO2, CeOx, Co3O4, Mn3O4, NiO [102,[122][123][124][125] or on various substrates like graphene [126], carbon microspheres [127], nanowire [128], carbon fiber [118], etc.…”

Section: Pd Based Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances on Electro-Oxidation of Ethanol on Pt- and Pd-Based Catalysts: From Reaction Mechanisms to Catalytic Materials

2015

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Abstract:The ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) has drawn increasing interest in electrocatalysis and fuel cells by considering that ethanol as a biomass fuel has advantages of low toxicity, renewability, and a high theoretical energy density compared to methanol. Since EOR is a complex multiple-electron process involving various intermediates and products, the mechanistic investigation as well as the rational design of electrocatalysts are challenging yet essential for the desired complete oxidation to CO2. This mini review is aimed at presenting an overview of the advances in the study of reaction mechanisms and electrocatalytic materials for EOR over the past two decades with a focus on Pt-and Pd-based catalysts. We start with discussion on the mechanistic understanding of EOR on Pt and Pd surfaces using selected publications as examples. Consensuses from the mechanistic studies are that sufficient active surface sites to facilitate the cleavage of the C-C bond and the adsorption of water or its residue are critical for obtaining a higher electro-oxidation activity. We then show how this understanding has been applied to achieve improved performance on various Pt-and Pd-based catalysts through optimizing electronic and bifunctional effects, as well as by tuning their surface composition and structure. Finally we point out the remaining key problems in the development of anode electrocatalysts for EOR. OPEN ACCESSCatalysts 2015, 5 1508

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Pd nanowire arrays as electrocatalysts for ethanol electrooxidation

Cited by 134 publications

References 36 publications

A Facile Methodology for the Production of In Situ Inorganic Nanowire Hydrogels/Aerogels

A Facile Methodology for the Production of In Situ Inorganic Nanowire Hydrogels/Aerogels

On the Temperature Performance of Ethanol Oxidation Reaction at Palladium-Activated Nickel Foam

Recent Advances on Electro-Oxidation of Ethanol on Pt- and Pd-Based Catalysts: From Reaction Mechanisms to Catalytic Materials

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