Pd–ninhydrin immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and application as a highly efficient and recoverable catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck–Mizoroki C–C coupling reactions

Visible Light Mediated Heck Coupling of Inactivated Aryl Fluoride/Chloride Over a Sulfonic Acid Functionalized, Melamine‐based Metal‐free Porphyrin Photocatalyst

“…The minor change in the yield observed for 12 W evidenced that a 5 W light source is sufficient for the generation of excitons during photocatalytic CÀ C coupling. The same reac- ChemistrySelect tion under natural solar light yielded the maximum 78 % yield for the product and in dark gives no products (Table 1, entry 19,20). Additionally, MBMFPc photocatalyst recorded appreciable TON (4,51,948) and TOF (22,597 h À 1 ) indicating suitability for CÀ C coupling of inactivated aryl chlorides and aryl fluoride.…”

“…[16] The magnetically separable catalysts containing Pd-nanoparticles were quite effective for CÀ C coupling, tolerating a variety of olefins, giving a negligible loss of costly Pd which otherwise got leached in the product. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Kaur et al adapted a simple, highly proficient, environmentally benign catalytic route for Heck coupling, by using PdÀ Ni alloy nanoparticles in aqueous ethanol under microwaves conditions. [27] The concept of microwave heating was followed by Tomohiro and his group for CÀ C coupling using heterogeneous Pd catalyst supported over anion-exchange resin in common organic solvents like acetonitrile, toluene and N, N-dimethylacetamide.…”

Magnetization of graphene oxide nanosheets using nickel magnetic nanoparticles as a novel support for the fabrication of copper as a practical, selective, and reusable nanocatalyst in C–C and C–O coupling reactions

“…7,8 Therefore, nanostructures with a high surface area are used to revive the catalytic activity of stabilized species. [9][10][11] For example, magnetic nanoparticles, [11][12][13] polymers, 14 carbon nanotubes, 15 ionic liquids, 16,17 mesoporous materials, [18][19][20] graphene oxide, 5,21 mineral materials, 4,22 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), 23 and biochar nanoparticles 24 have been used for the fabrication of metallic catalysts. Among them, graphene oxide nanosheets with a high surface area including high density of carbonyl, hydroxyl, epoxide, and carboxylic acid groups on its surface were used as a support for the stabilization of metallic ions.…”

Immobilizing palladium on melamine‐functionalized magnetic nanoparticles: An efficient and reusable phosphine‐free catalyst for Mizoroki–Heck reaction

“…[ 1–3 ] Palladium, one of the most important transition metals in organic synthesis, catalyzes various carbon–carbon coupling reactions, such as Mizoroki–Heck, Suzuki–Miyaura, and Sonogashira–Hagihara reactions. [ 4‐6 ] Among these reactions, the palladium‐catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck reaction of olefins and aryl halides has turned out to be extremely powerful synthetic method for the formation of a wide variety of advanced materials containing CC double bond, such as biologically active heterocycles, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and natural products. [ 7 ]…”