PDA Measurements of Fuel Effects on Atomization and Spray Structure from a Diesel Engine Injector

Yule, A. J.; Akhtar, P.; Shrimpton, John S.; Wagner, T.; Rickeard, David J.; Duff, J. L. C.

doi:10.4271/982544

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Density and boiling range may also affect mixture formation, although over the range of realistic diesel fuels this effect is small. 33 In addition, density changes may reflect chemical changes in the fuel which influence the combustion. Recent studies 34 with detailed analytical characterization of the fuel 35 have shown that naphthenes and aromatics contribute to PM formation, with aromatics about twice as potent as naphthenes.…”

Section: Diesel Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automotive fuels and internal combustion engines: a chemical perspective

2006

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Commercial transportation fuels are complex mixtures containing hundreds or thousands of chemical components, whose composition has evolved considerably during the past 100 years. In conjunction with concurrent engine advancements, automotive fuel composition has been fine-tuned to balance efficiency and power demands while minimizing emissions. Pollutant emissions from internal combustion engines (ICE), which arise from non-ideal combustion, have been dramatically reduced in the past four decades. Emissions depend both on the engine operating parameters (e.g. engine temperature, speed, load, A/F ratio, and spark timing) and the fuel. These emissions result from complex processes involving interactions between the fuel and engine parameters. Vehicle emissions are comprised of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO, nitrogen oxides (NO(x)), and particulate matter (PM). VOCs and NO(x) form photochemical smog in urban atmospheres, and CO and PM may have adverse health impacts. Engine hardware and operating conditions, after-treatment catalysts, and fuel composition all affect the amount and composition of emissions leaving the vehicle tailpipe. While engine and after-treatment effects are generally larger than fuel effects, engine and after-treatment hardware can require specific fuel properties. Consequently, the best prospects for achieving the highest efficiency and lowest emissions lie with optimizing the entire fuel-engine-after-treatment system. This review provides a chemical perspective on the production, combustion, and environmental aspects of automotive fuels. We hope this review will be of interest to workers in the fields of chemical kinetics, fluid dynamics of reacting flows, atmospheric chemistry, automotive catalysts, fuel science, and governmental regulations.

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Section: Diesel Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automotive fuels and internal combustion engines: a chemical perspective

2006

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“…因此, 研究者们希望能够同时得到燃油雾滴的速度和尺寸, 这对于燃油雾化微观机理的研究有着重要意义 [1] . 目前, 相位多普勒技术(phase doppler particle analyzer, PDPA) [2] 和激光全息技术 [3] 能够实现速度/粒径的同场测量, 但 PDPA 是单点测量技术, 全息技术结构复杂, 测量要求高. 而结合了激光和计算机图像处理的粒子图像测速技术 (particle image velocimetry, PIV) [4] , 能够对二维示踪流场进行非接触式的全场速度实时测量.…”

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基于灰度差异与自相关的粒子速度/粒径同场实时测量

李¹,

黄²,

李³

et al. 2011

Sci. Sin.-Tech.

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Simultaneous measurement of particle velocity and size based on gray difference and ai]tocorrelation

Huang

et al. 2010

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

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The gray of two images of a same particle taken by a digital camera with different exposure times is different too. Based on the gray difference of particle images in a double-exposed photo and autocorrelation processing of digital images, this paper proposes a method for measuring particle velocities and sizes simultaneously. This paper also introduces the theoretical foundation of this method, the process of particle imaging and image processing, and the simultaneous measurement of velocity and size of a low speed flow field with 35 μm and 75 μm standard particles. The graphical measurement results can really reflect the flow characteristics of the flow field. In addition, although the measured velocity and size histograms of these two kinds of standard particles are slightly wider than the theoretical ones, they are all still similar to the normal distribution, and the peak velocities and diameters of the histograms are consistent with the default values. Therefore, this measurement method is capable of providing moderate measurement accuracy, and it can be further developed for high-speed flow field measurements. fuel spray, particle velocity and size, particle image, gray difference, exposure time Citation:Huang C J, Wu Z J, Li Z L, et al. Simultaneous measurement of particle velocity and size based on gray difference and autocorrelation.

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PDA Measurements of Fuel Effects on Atomization and Spray Structure from a Diesel Engine Injector

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Automotive fuels and internal combustion engines: a chemical perspective

Automotive fuels and internal combustion engines: a chemical perspective

基于灰度差异与自相关的粒子速度/粒径同场实时测量

Simultaneous measurement of particle velocity and size based on gray difference and ai]tocorrelation

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