“…It becomes a threat to the validity of effect size estimates in correlational research (Crede, 2010) and diminishes the validity and reliability of results from survey research (Summer & Hammonds, 1969). Careless responses may be due to negative attitudes toward surveys (Rogelberg et al, 2001), sensitive items (Begin, Boivin & Bellerose, 1979;Castro, 2013), lengthy surveys (Meade & Craig, 2012), respondent gender (Sriramatr, Berry, Rodgers, & Stolp, 2012;Escobal & Benites, 2013), and poor test instructions (Rousseau & Ennis, 2013;Garcia, 2011). Early detection of careless responses in selfreport questionnaires may reduce error, but as indicated by Meade & Craig (2012), little guidance exists in the literature regarding techniques for detecting such careless or random responses in self-report questionnaires.…”