PDB24 Prevalence and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Analysis Based on 5.4 Million Patients

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:To compare the quality of diabetes care across non-Hispanic whites and Blacks and Hispanics in the United States using selected American Diabetes Association standards of care. There are few studies using large federal databases evaluating disparities among racial/ethnic groups in diabetes care. The last one was conducted using the Medication Expenditure Panel Survey 2000-2001 cohort. This study provides a more comprehensive assessment of the Standards. METHODS: Data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2009-2010 cohort was used to compare quality markers such as diabetes-related access to care (physician and diabetes specialists visits), medical care (self-monitoring, treatment, dietary habits, laboratories) and co-morbidities (prevalence, treatment and monitoring) across the racial/ ethnic groups. We used one-way ANOVA and chi-square test to compare continuous and discrete variables across Whites, Blacks, Hispanics and other. RESULTS: Overall this group had a mean age of 61Ϯ14, 51% were male, 60% had no more than a high school diploma, and 55% had an income Ͻ$35,000. Only age and education level were different across groups(pϽ0.05). Average blood pressure and total cholesterol levels were at goal except for hemoglobin A1c which was 7.3%Ϯ1.7 and different across groups(pϭ0.003). We found that the use of insulin, frequency of blood glucose monitoring, foot and exam in the last year, nurse educator/nutritionist/dietitian visits, and diabetic retinopathy, hypertension and hyperlipidemia diagnoses were significantly different across groups(all pϽ0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A possible relationship between race/ethnicity and adherence to various standards of diabetes care may exist. A more rigorous epidemiologic study is needed to confirm our findings.

Regional differences in the incidence of self-reported type 2 diabetes in Germany: results from five population-based studies in Germany (DIAB-CORE Consortium)

“…The regional incidence rates varied from 16.9/1000 person-years in the East to 9.3/1000 person-years in the South. Compared to Germany as a whole, data provided by a large German statutory health insurance showed incidence rates of 1.4/1000 person-years for the age group 45–49 years and 8.6/1000 person-years for the age group 70–74 1. For England, population-based data estimated an incidence for T2DM of 7.3/1000 person-years 19.…”

“…For Germany, one study based on patient data from a large German statutory health insurance (Techniker Krankenkasse) showed an incidence rate of 1.4/1000 person-years for the age group 45–49 years up to 8.6 per 1000 person-years for the age group 70–74 but was not stratified by regions 1. Another population-based study the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) conducted in the South of Germany showed a standardised incidence rate of 15.5/1000 person-years for individuals aged 55–74 years, which was among the highest in Europe (based on validated physicians’ diagnosis or an oral glucose tolerance test) 2.…”

Epidemiology of urinary tract infections in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: An analysis based on a large sample of 456,586 German T2DM patients

“…T2DM prevalence in most European and North American countries ranges from 5% to 10%, it is expected to increase further [1][2][3][4]. Comorbidities common to T2DM patients include neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy [5][6][7].…”

Use of antidiabetic agents in the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus in Germany, 2008–2012

“…The prevalence of type II diabetes mellitus (DM2), and its numerous comorbidities, such as cardiovascular or kidney disease, is spiraling and already affected around 5.75% of the German population in 2009 . At the same time, the frequency of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) also increased and is now reported in 2–6% of all pregnancies in Europe and up to 7% of all pregnancies in the USA…”