C o p y r i g h t I n f o r m a U K L i m i t e d 2 0 0 8 N o t f o r S a l e o r C o m e r c i a l D i s t r i b u t i o n U n a u t h o r i z e d u s e p r o h i b i t e d . A u t h o r i s e d u s e r s c a n d o w n l o a d , A B S T R A C TBackground: Increasing costs have generated concern among governments and healthcare providers who have realized the need for cost containment measures and more efficient resource utilization. Health economics is one potential source of information that can make healthcare more efficient. Scope: This review article summarizes the published literature on self-reported attitudes of healthcare decisionmakers towards economic evaluations of medical technologies and examines the extent to which economic evaluations are used in health policy decisions.Methods: A systematic literature review of published English language studies was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and HEED from January 1995 to December 2007.Findings: Fifty-five articles investigated the use of economic evaluations on three levels of decision-making: central, local, and physician level. Results indicate the use of economic evaluation information increased from limited/ minor to moderate use. The influence of economic evaluations increased with the level of centralization of healthcare system. Barriers to use health economics research varied across levels and included health economics research-related barriers such as timely availability, lack of credibility, insufficient methodological quality and decisioncontext-related barriers including limited decision makers' knowledge, inflexibility in healthcare budgets and variability among healthcare organizations.Conclusions: For consistent policy-making it is important that similar recommendations for cost-effective interventions and programs are developed at all levels and that implementation is promoted by incorporating the appropriate incentives in healthcare provision.
