“…Since then, the physics and chemistry of XDRs has been examined from several different perspectives concentrating on protoplanetary disks (Glassgold et al 1997, Igea & Glassgold 1999, Stäuber et al 2005, Ercolano et al 2008, Owen et al 2011, Aresu et al 2012, galactic centers of AGN host sources (e.g., Meijerink et al 2007, García-Burillo et al 2010, Harada et al 2013, Mingozzi et al 2018, and X-ray binaries (Moser et al 2017, Lebouteiller et al 2017. Several previous reviews have been published on both PDRs and XDRs (e.g., Hollenbach & Tielens 1997, Sternberg 2005, Snow & McCall 2006, Bolatto et al 2013. In this review we provide the basic micro-physics required to understand the dominant thermal, chemical, and radiative processes in PDRs and XDRs while striving to summarize results from theoretical, observational, and laboratory work since the previous reviews.…”