PEA APHID BIOTYPES DIFFERING IN BEAN YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS TRANSMISSION¹

Abstract

Two pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)) biotypes were isolated which differed greatly in efficiency of bean yellow mosaic virus transmission. The two biotypes ranked differently in efficiency of bean yellow mosaic virus transmission among eight other aphid species, including three species not previously reported as vectors of bean yellow mosaic virus. These new vectors are Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kltb.), Cavariella aegopodii (Scop.), and Therioaphis riehmi (Börner). These biotypes also differed consistently in body size and in fecundity on pea cultivars. Zusammenfassung ERBSENLAUS‐BIOTYPEN MIT UNTERSCHIEDLICHER ÜBERTRAGUNGSFÄHIGKEIT FÜR DAS GELBMOSAIK DER BUSCHBOHNEN Es wurden 2 Erbsenlaus‐Biotypen (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)) isoliert, deren Wirksamkeit als Überträger des Gelbmosaikvirus der Buschbohnen auf Erbsen sehr verschieden ist. Die beiden Biotypen ordnen sich dabei an verschiedene Stellen in einer Reihe von acht anderen Blattlausarten ein, die drei bisher nicht als Vektoren des Bohnengelbmosaiks nachgewiesene Arten umfaßt. Diese neuen Vektoren sind Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kltb.), Cavariella aegopodii (Scop.) und Therioaphis riehmi (Börner). Die Biotypen unterscheiden sich durchweg auch in Körpergröße und Fruchtbarkeit auf verschiedenen Erbsensorten.

Variability in the transmission efficiency of potyviruses by different clones of Aphis gossypii

“…In this case, a continuous transmission efficiency gradient with 10-fold difference between the least and the most efficient clones was determined. Transmission efficiency differences were also observed under controlled test conditions using a lower number of clones: Sohi & Swenson (1964) obtained up to 5-fold difference between 8 clones of A. pisum for the transmission of BYMV; Upreti & Nagaich (1971) and Singh etal. (1983) obtained 4 to 5-fold difference between 13 clones of Myzus persicae Sulzer using different PVY strains; with A. gossypii, Simons (1959;1966) obtained up to 10-fold difference between 3 and 11 clones using CMV and PVY, while Singh et al (1983) observed only 1 to 4-fold difference between 5 clones using 2 PVY strains.…”

“…The transmission of a certain virus by a given aphid species depends on the genetic properties of the virus and the aphid, and factors related to the transmission itself (aphid behaviour, virus concentration in the source plants, ...). Nonpersistent viruses can be transmitted by many aphid species, either in the laboratory (Sohi & Swenson, 1964;Markham et al, 1987) or in the field (Harrington etaL, 1986;Labonne etal., 1982;Raccah, 1986). However their transmission efficiencies differ.…”

Intra-specific variation and inheritance of BYDV-PAV transmission in the aphid Sitobion avenae

“…Inter-clonal variation in virus transmission by aphids has been reported for both stylet-borne (Sohi and Swenson 1964;Thottappilly et al, 1972;Jurik et al, 1980;Singh et al, 1983;Lupoli et al, 1992) and circulative viruses (Bjo¨rling and Ossiannilsson, 1958;Robert and Maury 1970;Guo et al, 1996Guo et al, , 1997a. In most cases, variations in the virus-transmitting abilities of different clones were detected.…”

Pea Aphid as both Host and Vector for the Phytopathogenic Bacterium Pseudomonas syringae

“…The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, feeds on a variety of agriculturally relevant crop plants in the Fabaceae, including soybean (Glycine max), fava/broad bean (Vicia faba), pea (Pisum sativum), and snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) (15,28,(34)(35)(36), and has been shown to vector bean yellow mosaic virus between these hosts (15,(34)(35)(36). Several of these plants are also primary hosts for the highly aggressive bean pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv.…”

“…As it traverses the plant surface, the aphid continually evaluates the suitability of the host, with some aphid species sampling plant fluids with droplets of saliva that are expelled and reingested (3). This saliva can contact the plant surface where many bacterial epiphytes reside, such as the ubiquitous phytopathogens Pantoea agglomerans and Pseudomonas syringae (4,5,10,21,22,32).The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, feeds on a variety of agriculturally relevant crop plants in the Fabaceae, including soybean (Glycine max), fava/broad bean (Vicia faba), pea (Pisum sativum), and snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) (15,28,(34)(35)(36), and has been shown to vector bean yellow mosaic virus between these hosts (15,(34)(35)(36). Several of these plants are also primary hosts for the highly aggressive bean pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv.…”