Peacekeepers, HIV and the Role of Masculinity in Military Behaviour

Patel, Preeti; Tripodi, Paolo

doi:10.1080/13533310701753925

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The national median was 4.7%.War places the most vulnerable, - women young girls and children at risk of HIV infection and a broader approach to HIV prevention is therefore required.4) Atsenuwa et al (2007) 8 Review of data on sexual violence and HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa.Any form of violence against women and girls tends to increase the risk of HIV infection.Intimate partner violence must be addressed in order to reduce the vulnerability of women and children to HIV/AIDS. However the causal and temporal links between partner violence and risk of HIV infection needs additional research.5) Patel et al (2007) 15 Behavioral analysis of the link between peacekeepers and HIV.Peacekeepers who don't fully understand the moral dimension of their role in peacekeeping do engage in risky sexual relations that may lead to increased HIV infection.Peacekeepers must be trained to understand their moral role in peacekeeping. This will help reduce the HIV infection rate among their ranks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of HIV/AIDS in armed conflict populations

Omare

Kanekar

2011

J Public Health Africa

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More than 40 million people worldwide have been infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since it was first reported in 1981. Over 25 million of these have lost their lives to the disease. Most of the studies related to HIV/AIDS have been conducted in stable populations across the globe. Few of these studies have been devoted to displaced populations, particularly those in areas of conflict. Displaced populations that are forced to leave their homes in most cases find themselves in unfamiliar territories, often poor and hungry. Many of them become refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs). The objective of this review was to address a number of different social determinants of HIV/AIDS in displaced populations in areas of conflict. A comprehensive review of peer reviewed literature published in English between 1990 and 2010 obtained through an open search of PUBMED database using key words such as HIV and war, HIV/AIDS and conflict, AIDS and security was conducted. Twelve different studies that looked at the implications of HIV/AIDS in conflict or displaced populations were retrieved. The review revealed that there were various factors influencing conflict and HIV/AIDS such as forced population displacement, breakdown of traditional sexual norms, lack of health infrastructure, and poverty and powerlessness of women and children. Social determinants of increased HIV/AIDS prevalence in displaced populations are scarcity of food, poverty, insecurity of displaced populations and gender power differentials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Soldiers and peace keepers are away from their homes and families for long periods of time. Geographical separation disrupts their social discipline that would normally prevail in their homes and families.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of HIV/AIDS in armed conflict populations

Omare

Kanekar

2011

J Public Health Africa

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“…(A point left unexplored is whether this disciplinary measure is actually in place to protect women peacekeepers from sexual advances from the local population or other peacekeepers.) In the case of male peacekeepers, it has never been clear whether conduct measures such as restricting freedom of movement is to protect the reputation of the soldiers, or to protect the local population from misconduct that the soldiers might be tempted to engage in as part of military masculinity rituals (Patel and Tripodi, 2007;Whitworth, 2004).…”

Section: Prioritizing Gender: Problems and Questionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Peacexploitation? Interrogating Labor Hierarchies and Global Sisterhood Among Indian and Uruguayan Female Peacekeepers

Henry

2012

Globalizations

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As a result of UNSCR 1325, the UN has been eager to decrease incidents of sexual exploitation and abuse in peacekeeping operations, improve local women's security, and balance out the number of women and men in the police and military at both local and international levels. As peacekeeping missions begin to include more female peacekeepers, questions are raised about what this means for women in national militaries, local women in peacekeeping missions, and soldiers or militarized laborers from the 'developing' world. While countries such as Uruguay have been sending increasing numbers of female peacekeepers to various UN missions, it was not until 2007 that an all-female contingent was first deployed from India to Liberia and hailed as a gendered success. But in altering the gendered landscape, will the UN merely continue to exploit the cheap military labor of the global South? Will countries like India and Uruguay (major troop-contributing countries to UN peacekeeping operations) continue to bear the burden of providing security? This article examines the limits of a conventional interest in gender and gender relations in thinking about peacekeepers and advocates for an intersectional approach to the issue of female peacekeepers, importantly including the role of geography (and therefore 'race', empire and colonialism) in the thinking through the social, cultural, and political effects of peacekeeping deployments.

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“…The presence of peacekeeping forces has been associated with increased levels of commercial sex work among the local population with concomitant potential for increased HIV/STI transmission. Similarly, peacekeeping forces have been identified as a high‐risk group in the spread of HIV, both in their host populations, and on return to their place of origin …”

Section: Conflict Displacement and Reproductive Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive health during conflict

Black

Bouanchaud

Bignall³

et al. 2014

The Obstetric & Gynaecologis

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Reproductive health (RH) outcomes worsen during conflict and displacement, the causes of which are considered multi-factorial. In conflict and displacement settings, there are unique challenges in providing emergency obstetric care. There has been increased recognition of the need to provide adequate RH in emergency responses. Providing appropriate assistance to populations affected by conflict requires continued monitoring and evaluation, and the further development of life-saving interventions. Learning objectivesTo understand the effect of conflict on RH. To discuss the reasons why RH outcomes worsen during conflict and displacement.To consider the ways in which responses can be made during an emergency. Ethical issuesShould RH be considered a priority during an emergency response to conflict and disasters? Does offering RH assistance to conflict-affected populations put other local groups at a disadvantage? Will greater knowledge of how conflict and displacement affect RH help in understanding and treating refugees and asylum seekers in the UK?

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Peacekeepers, HIV and the Role of Masculinity in Military Behaviour

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Determinants of HIV/AIDS in armed conflict populations

Determinants of HIV/AIDS in armed conflict populations

Peacexploitation? Interrogating Labor Hierarchies and Global Sisterhood Among Indian and Uruguayan Female Peacekeepers

Reproductive health during conflict

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