Peacekeeping Force: Effects of Providing Tactical Equipment to Local Law Enforcement

Harris, Matthew C.; Park, Jinseong; Bruce, Donald; Murray, Matthew N.

doi:10.1257/pol.20150525

Cited by 28 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Although criminologists and criminal justice scholars have debated the appropriateness or usefulness of using the military as a professional model for law enforcement (see Cowper, ; den Heyer, ; Waddington, , ; cf. Buerger, ; Jefferson, , ; Kappeler and Kraska, ), many American politicians, law enforcement professionals, and average citizens assume that the emulation of military traditions, tactics, chain of command, culture, and equipment can supplement and improve police efficacy (Bove and Gavrilova, ; Campbell and Campbell, , ; Harris et al., ; Phillips, ; Turner and Fox, ). To assess empirically how police may or may not be adopting or emulating such militaristic practices, however, as well as to assess the effect of such practices on police work, we must be clear about what is meant specifically by the term police militarization .…”

Section: Police Militarization and The 1033 Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For LEAs in the United States, a popular source for acquiring such military equipment and technology is the DoD's 1033 Program (Dansky, ; Endebak, ; Grasso, ; Harris et al., ; Radil, Dezzani, and McAden, ). The 1033 Program originated with the National Defense Authorization Act of 1990 and, under several different titles, has provided LEAs military equipment warehoused to storage (for a maximum of 2 weeks) by the DoD.…”

Section: Police Militarization and The 1033 Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In doing so, we draw from criminological and sociological theories of rational public choice and minority threat. Rational public choice theories posit that police acquire and use military equipment not only as a reaction to high crime rates but also in response to the wars on drugs and terrorism, which have changed the nature of policing (Bove and Gavrilova, ; Campbell and Campbell, , ; Harris et al., ). A parallel argument contends that law enforcement priorities reflect the desires of politically and socially powerful majorities in society (Blalock, ), suggesting that the acquisition and use of military equipment is a response to growing minority populations viewed as threatening to the majority's social order (Ajilore, ; Balko, ; Meeks, ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Policing Through Subsidized Firepower: An Assessment of Rational Choice and Minority Threat Explanations of Police Participation in the 1033 Program*

Ramey

Steidley

2018

Criminology

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There is a popular belief that the use of military equipment can improve police efforts at social control. Recent protests and riots across the country, however, have piqued public concern about racial disparities in law enforcement and the acquisition and use of military equipment by police in the United States. By using data from the Department of Defense's 1033 Program, we conduct an agency‐level analysis to assess the validity of rational choice arguments and minority threat explanations of police participation in the 1033 Program. Our results reveal that higher violent crime rates and lower drug arrest rates increase law enforcement participation in the 1033 Program. Participation in the 1033 Program, however, is also a function of minority threat, with the functional form of minority threat varying across models predicting 1033 participation and the value of materiel acquired by successful departments. Specifically, a curvilinear relationship exists between the relative size of the Black population and involvement in the 1033 Program, and an exponential relationship between the relative size of the Black and Hispanic populations and the value of property departments receive annually from the 1033 Program.

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Section: Police Militarization and The 1033 Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Police Militarization and The 1033 Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Policing Through Subsidized Firepower: An Assessment of Rational Choice and Minority Threat Explanations of Police Participation in the 1033 Program*

Ramey

Steidley

2018

Criminology

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“…In recent years, journalists have fixated on LEA acquisition of military equipment such as armored vehicles and battle rifles via the 1033 Program, but the majority of equipment provided by the 1033 Program is non‐combat gear such as medical supplies, office furniture, and miscellaneous items like guitars. LEA applications for the 1033 Program supplies do not require distinctions between combat and non‐combat gear, and once a request is approved, the only financial cost to LEAs in is shipping charges (Bruce, Carruthers, Harris, Murray, & Park, ; Harris, Park, Bruce, & Murray, ). While LEAs may purchase military equipment using their own funds or grant monies (including from Department of Homeland Security grants) (Parlapiano, ), the 1033 Program is unique because it has a lower level of oversight and is less expensive than alternative approaches (Bove & Gavrilova, ; Department of Homeland Security 2018).…”

Section: Empirical Studies Of Police Militarizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Harris et al () data for officer complaints came from a much smaller subsample of only large LEAs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Police militarization in theUnited States

Steidley¹,

Ramey

2019

Sociology Compass

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In 2014, police responses to protests and riots in Ferguson, Missouri, prompted an unprecedented level of news coverage on the phenomenon of police militarization. Though the increased attention to police militarization and governmental programs thought to facilitate it (e.g., the 1033 Program) may give the impression that police militarization is a recent phenomena, social scientists have been documenting trends in police militarization for decades. This article provides an overview of the social science research literature on police militarization, starting with a discussion of a theory informed conceptualization of police militarization. We next discuss the major normative debates that have guided research on police militarization. We then review the empirical literature that focuses on the methodological approaches and findings of extant work on police militarization. Finally, we close with an overview of the state of the literature and suggestions for future research. Our major suggestion for future work is to consider the dimensions of police work that police militarization can occur in while continuing to engage with the normative debates of previous scholars so as to improve the overall quality of police work and public safety in the United States.

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Financing the War on Drugs: The Impact of Law Enforcement Grants on Racial Disparities in Drug Arrests

Cox¹,

Cunningham²

2021

J Policy Anal Manage

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This study estimates the impact of the discretionary Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Program (EBMGP) on drug arrests and crime. The 1986 and 1988 Anti‐Drug Abuse Act allocated federal funds to state and local municipalities to combat illicit drug use and violent crime associated with drug sales and trafficking. The results show that the implementation of the EBMGP resulted in an increase in police hiring, an increase in drug sales arrest rates for Blacks and Whites, and a decrease in total crime. Nonetheless, Black‐White racial disparity in the drug sales arrest rate still significantly increases by approximately 1 for every 1,000 Black residents. Our findings highlight the role of federal crime control policies in state and local policing. Although, the EBMGP was a color‐blind policy initiative, it was not race neutral in its implementation.

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Peacekeeping Force: Effects of Providing Tactical Equipment to Local Law Enforcement

Cited by 28 publications

References 16 publications

Policing Through Subsidized Firepower: An Assessment of Rational Choice and Minority Threat Explanations of Police Participation in the 1033 Program*

Policing Through Subsidized Firepower: An Assessment of Rational Choice and Minority Threat Explanations of Police Participation in the 1033 Program*

Police militarization in theUnited States

Financing the War on Drugs: The Impact of Law Enforcement Grants on Racial Disparities in Drug Arrests

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