Peak speed determination in football: is sprint testing necessary?

Massard, Tim; Eggers, Tahleya; Lovell, Ric

doi:10.1080/24733938.2017.1398409

Cited by 42 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Indeed, previous studies have evaluated MSS using the best (lower time) 10 m stretch across a 40 m straight sprint (Mendez-Villanueva et al, 2013;Nakamura et al, 2017), which is considered the gold standard for measuring MSS. The relevance of sprint testing in soccer has been questioned in favor of MSS determination using GPS data during matches (Massard et al, 2018). However, those studies failed to include match ETL due to club decisions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Speed reached during training or matches can be affected by the type of exercise and various situational factors. However, recent findings observed a large relationship (r = 0.84) and trivial bias (~0.30 km•h -1 ) between peak speed obtained by timing gates over a 40 m sprint and peak speed obtained by GPS devices (Massard et al, 2018). MSS was therefore obtained from the GPS by extrapolating raw data for speed and the highest value (in km•h -1 ) recorded throughout the data collection period was retained as individual MSS.…”

Section: Procedures Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of Individualized Speed Zones to Quantify External Training Load in Professional Soccer

Rago

Brito

Figueiredo

et al. 2020

Journal of Human Kinetics

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This study aimed to examine the interchangeability of two external training load (ETL) monitoring methods: arbitrary vs. individualized speed zones. Thirteen male outfield players from a professional soccer team were monitored during training sessions using 10-Hz GPS units over an 8-week competitive period (n = 302 observations). Low-speed activities (LSA), moderate-speed running (MSR), high-speed running (HSR) and sprinting were defined using arbitrary speed zones as <14.4, 14.4–19.8, 19.8–25.1 and ≥25.2 km·h-1, and using individualized speed zones based on a combination of maximal aerobic speed (MAS, derived from the Yo-yo Intermittent recovery test level 1), maximal sprinting speed (MSS, derived from the maximal speed reached during training) and anaerobic speed reserve (ASR) as <80% MAS, 80–100% MAS, 100% MAS or 29% ASR and ≥30% ASR. Distance covered in both arbitrary and individualized methods was almost certainly correlated in all speed zones (p < 0.01; r = 0.67-0.78). However, significant differences between methods were observed in all speed zones (p < 0.01). LSA was almost certainly higher when using the arbitrary method than when using the individualized method (p < 0.01; ES = 5.47 [5.18; 5.76], respectively). Conversely, MSR, HSR and sprinting speed were higher in the individualized method than in the arbitrary method (p < 0.01; ES = 5.10 [4.82; 5.37], 0.86 [0.72; 1.00] and 1.22 [1.08; 1.37], respectively). Arbitrary and individualized methods for ETL quantification based on speed zones showed similar sensitivity in depicting player locomotor demands. However, since these methods significantly differ at absolute level (based on measurement bias), arbitrary and individualized speed zones should not be used interchangeably.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Procedures Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Individualized Speed Zones to Quantify External Training Load in Professional Soccer

Rago

Brito

Figueiredo

et al. 2020

Journal of Human Kinetics

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“…Yet, recent evidence suggests that maximal sprinting speed has limitations for establishing game speed thresholds for several reasons: (1) peak game speed values might exceed those derived from tests of maximal sprinting speed [83]; (2) individualized game speed thresholds do not enhance the dose-response determination to soccer training [44,84]; and (3) seasonal changes in match running performance do not necessarily match those observed in sprinting test performance; players with decreased maximal sprinting speed demonstrated concomitantly increased match running performance (e.g., number of repeated sprint sequences and repeated-high speed sequences) [42]. Although two of the above-cited studies were not specifically performed in youth [83] and males [84], further investigations are required to assess the relevance of creating speed thresholds from game parameters per se to depict match running performance. A comparison of speed thresholds as a percentage of peak game speed and distances covered in fixed speed thresholds relative to total distance covered [3,63], rather than using fitness testing performance to determine speed thresholds, would be useful.…”

Section: Speed Thresholdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Match Running Performance in Young Soccer Players: A Systematic Review

et al. 2019

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Background To date, athletic performance has been extensively assessed in youth soccer players through laboratory and field testing. Only recently has running performance via time-motion analysis been assessed during match play. Match running data are often useful in a practical context to aid game understanding and decision making regarding training content and prescriptions. A plethora of previous reviews have collated and appraised the literature on time-motion analysis in professional senior players, but none have solely examined youth players. Objective The aim of the present systematic review was to provide a critical appraisal and summary of the original research articles that have evaluated match running performance in young male soccer players. Methods Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement, literature searches were performed in four databases: PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and SciELO. We used the following descriptors: soccer, football, young, youth, junior, physical performance, running performance, match running performance, movement patterns, time-motion analysis, distances covered, activity profile, work rate, match analysis, and match performance. Articles were included only if they were original articles written in the English language, studied populations of male children and/or adolescents (aged ≤ 20 years), were published/ahead of print on or before 31 December 2017 and showed at least one outcome measure regarding match running performance, such as total distance covered, peak game speed or indicators of activities performed at established speed thresholds. Results A total of 5801 records were found. After duplicates were removed and exclusion and inclusion criteria applied, 50 articles were included (n = 2615 participants). Their outcome measures were extracted and findings were synthesized. The majority of the reviewed papers covered the European continent (62%) and used global positioning systems (GPS) (64%). Measurement error of the tools used to obtain position data and running metrics was systematically overlooked among the studies. The main aims of studies were to examine differences across playing positions (20%), age groups (26%) and match halves (36%). Consistent findings pointed to the existence of positional role and age effects on match running output (using fixed running speed thresholds), but there was no clear consensus about reductions in activity over the course of match play. Congested schedules negatively affected players' running performance. While over 32% of all studies assessed the relationships between match running performance and physical capacity, biochemical markers and body composition, ~ 70% of these did not account for playing position. Conclusions This review collated scientific evidence that can aid soccer conditioning professionals in understanding external match loads across youth categories. Coaches working with youth development programs should consider that data derived from a given po...

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“…Talyor et al [65] used a symmetrical division based on the team's final ranking and guided their analysis according to the dichotomy "strong opposition" versus "weak opposition", however, the authors considered that this division did not provide the sensitivity needed to detect any differences. The definition of the quality of the opponents according to k-means cluster analysis seems to be more robust [70][71][72].…”

Section: Match Situational Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, individual speed zone delimitations are frequently founded on the results from field or laboratory tests of MAS and maximal linear sprint speed. Caution though is necessary as the latter notably, has limitations for establishing match speed thresholds mainly due to peak match speeds potentially exceeding those derived from maximal sprint testing [70]. Therefore, the use of individual speed thresholds according to the percentage of peak match speed rather than maximal sprint testing would be pertinent [30].…”

Section: Speed Thresholdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observação, análise e interpretação do desempenho em jogo no futebol: implicações para a avaliação e treinamento

Aquino¹

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This thesis presents, discusses and critically evaluates the content and the contribution of a selection of research papers submitted or published to international peer-reviewed sports science journals. Collectively, these papers make novel insights to the field of match analysis in young and adults' soccer players, with implications for improving assessment and training. The researches were partly shaped by the authors' experience in professional and academic practice, but mainly driven by emerging and evolving needs-analyses identified within his work, identified during the years of practice and in partnership with professionals working in soccer teams. A total of two systematic reviews (presented in this document as an introduction to the field of study), one of them being a metaanalysis, and three original articles are included. These papers present critically comments on work in two main streams: (i) validation of physical fitness tests in a game context, according to general characteristics and specific requirements of the match; (ii) analysis of contextual and positional factors that potentially affect the soccer performance. The original research papers are presented in a conceptual sequence within the two themes, rather than a strictly chronological order to demonstrate coherence and synergy within the two collections. The document provides critical reflection on the general contribution to the current body of scientific knowledge and the collective impact of the work that has been achieved. The limitations of the studies found during the course of the work are discussed as current themes, allowing a direction for future research. Finally, all scientific knowledge produced was translated into an e-book for greater access by different human recourses.

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Peak speed determination in football: is sprint testing necessary?

Cited by 42 publications

References 10 publications

Application of Individualized Speed Zones to Quantify External Training Load in Professional Soccer

Application of Individualized Speed Zones to Quantify External Training Load in Professional Soccer

Match Running Performance in Young Soccer Players: A Systematic Review

Observação, análise e interpretação do desempenho em jogo no futebol: implicações para a avaliação e treinamento

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