“…Each survey was a series of predetermined parallel transects that were randomly-spaced within each pre-defined stratum (see Figure 3b; Barange, et al, 1999;Roy et al, 2007;. Along each transect, back-scattering intensity was estimated using a SIMRAD echo-sounder, pre-calibrated using the standard sphere gap technique (Barange and Hampton, 1997;Barange, et al, 1999;Ungureanu and Nemțoi, 2014) and processed using echo-integration software (DAFF, 2016). Mid-water trawl samples were conducted to determine the size (caudal length) distributions of surveyed populations.…”