Peanut Response to Seeding Density and Digging Date in the Virginia-Carolina Region

Abstract

Large-seeded virginia market type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars are common in Virginia and North Carolina, but cost more to plant than runner market type peanut cultivars when the goal is to establish the same plant population. Decreasing seeding density could help growers to reduce production costs, as long as thinner stands do not negatively impact yield and economic return. Selecting the optimum digging time is a decision that could significantly influence growers' production and economics. Field experiments were conducted in Virginia and North Carolina at four site-year environments in 2016 and 2017 to examine the influence of seeding density (109, 143, 180, and 200 thousand seeds/ha) and digging date (130, 140, and 150 days after planting [DAP]) on virginia type peanut cultivar (Bailey, Sullivan, Wynne) performance. Regardless of cultivar and digging date, the greatest pod yield (5930 kg/ha) was achieved from the 200 thousand seeds/ha density, but the 143 thousand seeds/ha density had the highest economic return ($2990/ha). At three of the four site-years, the 140 DAP digging date, i.e. 1400 to 1600 C growing degree days (GDD), produced the greatest pod yield (5470 kg/ha) and had the highest economic return ($2750/ha). While individual site-years should be monitored for digging date, growers should be prepared to dig the currently available cultivars from 1400 to no more than 1600 C accumulated GDD.

Construction of Economic Data Management System Based on BP Neural Network

“…According to the curve shown in Figure 7, the solid line is the fitting curve obtained, and * represents the actual data in the training process. It can be seen from Figure 7 that the BP network wants to control the error value within the minimum range, and the output result is basically consistent with the real value of the training sample [26]. In the process of comparing BP network and regression equation, it is necessary to apply formula (6) to conduct statistical analysis on the data from 2000 to 2003 and conduct in-depth study according to BP network.…”

Adjusting peanut plant density and potassium fertilization for different production environments

“…About 50% of peanut fields in the state of Georgia in the United States can be irrigated (Porter, 2016), but rainfed production is prevalent in Brazil. The recommended plant density is 16.7 plants m −2 in Brazil (Zoz et al., 2019) and 14.3 plants m −2 in the United States (Oakes et al., 2020; Sarver et al., 2016), with increased inter‐plant competition for water and nutrients with increased plant density (Hatfield & Dold, 2019; Li et al., 2019). Peanut plants uptake per 1000 kg of K pods is about 30 kg with a K harvest index of about 50% (Crusciol et al., 2021) with about 210 kg ha −1 of K uptake and 140 kg removed in the pod harvest for 7000 kg ha −1 pod yield.…”

“…Maximum yields and greater economic viability have been observed with densities from 15.7 to 20.0 peanut seeds m −2 in the United States (Oakes et al., 2020; Plumblee et al., 2018). In Brazil, studies with densities of runner‐type peanut cultivars are rare.…”

Phenotypic Variation of Component Traits Affecting Maturity in Cultivated Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

“…Six time points of flower tagging and harvest dates of all genotypes were marked in the chart. Cumulative GDD was determined by Σ(Tavg -Tbase) where Tavg is the daily average temperature and Tbase is 13 C, below this temperature peanut growth is arrested (Oakes et al, 2020). Upon harvest, above ground tissue of each plant was collected.…”