Peanut varieties with reduced Ara h 1 content indicating no reduced allergenicity

Abstract

Peanut allergy is a major cause of food-induced severe anaphylactic reactions. To date, no medical care is available to prevent and treat peanut allergy and therefore hypoallergenic peanut varieties are of considerable health political and economic interest. Major allergens that induce IgE-responses in peanut-sensitive patients are Ara h 1, Ara h 2 and Ara h 3/4. In order to identify hypoallergenic peanuts, commercially locally available peanut varieties were screened for their allergen content. Ara h 1-deficient peanuts from Southeast Asia were identified by SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting, inhibition assays and ELISA. 2-D PAGE analyses demonstrated the different compositions of the tested extracts and revealed a number of variations of the allergen patterns of peanuts from different varieties. Mediator release experiments of these peanut extracts demonstrated similar allergenicities as compared with standard peanut extract. These results indicate that the allergenicity of peanuts with reduced Ara h 1 content might be compensated by the other allergens, and thus do not necessarily cause a reduction of allergenicity.

Sequential extractions: A new way for protein quantification—data from peanut allergens

“…Table 1 shows that the ELISA method provided significantly lower values than those from the densitometry analysis. The result based on the densitometry analysis was clearly closer to those of previous reports [30,32,33]. The first peanut extraction contains 14% of Ara h 1 using the commercially ELISA kit, which is lower than the reported result [34].…”

“…The result based on the densitometry analysis was clearly closer to those of previous reports [30,32,33]. The first peanut extraction contains 14% of Ara h 1 using the commercially ELISA kit, which is lower than the reported result [34]. The variety of allergen contents was also expected because extraction conditions largely affect protein yield [35].…”

Allergenicity attributes of different peanut market types

“…Together, Runner and Virginia peanuts make over 98% of the U.S. production with Runner at 78.7% and Virginia at 19.9%. Some exotic, naturally occurring, peanut varieties that have clearly different allergenicity attributes have been described in literature (Krause et al, 2010;Ramos et al, 2009;Schmidt et al, 2009), but these peanut types are not commonly consumed in Western countries. Using genetic modification, attempts were made to develop new varieties of peanut that are low in certain allergens (Chandran et al, 2015;Chu et al, 2008;Knoll et al, 2011;Riascos et al, 2010).…”

Peanut Allergens

“…Thus, these molecules are heterodimers which under reducing conditions in 2D electrophoresis leads to a typical pattern of spots within the range of 43 kDa for the acidic subunit and spots at 28 kDa for the basic subunit ( fig. 2 ) [43,44]. The acidic subunit divides into further fragments.…”

“…2D electropherogram of peanut extract. Taken from figure 4a, modified, in Krause et al[43]. Copyright Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.…”