Peanut Web Blotch: I. Cultural Characteristics and Identity of Causal Fungus1

Taber, Ruth Ann; Pettit, Robert E.; Philley, George L.

doi:10.3146/i0095-3679-11-2-16

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The current study identified susceptible and resistant accessions to web blotch. Web blotch first appeared in the U.S. in southern Texas in 1972 and has since spread to other peanut production regions throughout the country (Taber et al, 1984). Web blotch has been reported from most other peanutproducing countries and is one of the important diseases of peanut in southern Africa (Cole and Liddell, 1997).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to Athelia rolfsii and Web Blotch in the U.S. Mini-core Collection

Bennett¹,

Chamberlin²

2020

Peanut Science

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Athelia rolfsii (= Sclerotium rolfsii) is a soilborne fungus that causes the disease commonly known as southern blight, southern stem rot, stem rot, and white mold. Despite the fact that A. rolfsii is one of the most destructive pathogens of peanut, the U.S. germplasm collection has not been evaluated for resistance to this pathogen. Therefore, 71 of the 112 accessions comprising the U.S. peanut mini-core collection were evaluated in the field for resistance to southern blight in 2016 to 2018 in Oklahoma. Moderate to low levels of southern blight were observed, but four accessions—CC125, CC208, CC559, and CC650—had low levels of disease in 2017 and 2018, the most favourable years for A. rolfsii. Ratings for web blotch, a yield-limiting foliar disease in some production areas caused by Didymella arachidicola, were also taken in 2017 and 2018, when outbreaks occurred. Five entries—CC287, CC155, CC149, CC812, and CC559—had between 10% and 20% disease in 2018, a year when over half of the mini-core accessions exhibited between 50% and 93% disease. Because cultivated peanut in the U.S. has a narrow genetic base, these results will be useful to breeders seeking additional sources of resistance to A. rolfsii and web blotch.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to Athelia rolfsii and Web Blotch in the U.S. Mini-core Collection

Bennett¹,

Chamberlin²

2020

Peanut Science

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“…Web blotch of peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ) is a disease caused by the imperfect fungus Phoma arachidicola (Marasas et al, 1974; Taber et al, 1984). The disease was first observed in Texas (United States) in the 1970s, after which it spread quickly worldwide (Pettit et al, 1986), with outbreaks reported in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Rhodesia, Russia and South Africa (Taber et al, 1984). The first incidence of this disease in China occurred in the 1980s and it subsequently spread throughout the main peanut‐producing provinces (Liaoning, Shandong, Henan and Shanxi).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance of peanut to web blotch caused by Phoma arachidicola is related to papillae formation and the hypersensitive response

Sun

Cheng

et al. 2022

Plant Pathology

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Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an important economic crop that is susceptible to various foliar diseases. Web blotch, which is caused by Phoma arachidicola, is one of the most serious peanut foliar diseases because it affects the leaves and results in substantial yield losses. In this study, the P. arachidicola infection process and the response of peanut plants to infection were revealed through a cytological study of resistant and susceptible peanut varieties. Conidial germination rates, appressorium formation and resistance responses, including papillae formation and the hypersensitive response (HR), were analysed at different infection stages. Notably, the basal infection response of susceptible varieties resulted in limited papillae formation and a single HR, which was followed by programmed cell death. The papillae formation frequency and HR frequency were significantly greater in the resistant varieties than in the susceptible varieties at 84 h postinoculation. The primary difference between the two resistant varieties was the superior HR of Zheng8903 compared with that of Yuhua15. The complex amphidiploid peanut genome may explain the complexity and diversity of the resistance responses. The interactions of functional orthologs should be clarified and perhaps modulated in future investigations. The results of this study revealed the differences in the resistance responses among peanut germplasm and may be relevant for the breeding of new peanut varieties highly resistant to P. arachidicola.

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“…Web blotch is caused by the imperfect fungus Didymella arachidicola (also known as Phoma arachidicola or Peyronella arachidicola ) [ 4 , 5 ]. A D. arachidicola infection affects the photosynthetic efficiency of plants, leading to early leaf shedding, thereby affecting peanut quality and decreasing the peanut yield by 10–20% or more than 50% in severe cases [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytological and transcriptomic analysis to unveil the mechanism of web blotch resistance in Peanut

Wu,

Sun,

et al. 2023

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Peanut is an important oil crop worldwide. Peanut web blotch is a fungal disease that often occurs at the same time as other leaf spot diseases, resulting in substantial leaf drop, which seriously affects the peanut yield and quality. However, the molecular mechanism underlying peanut resistance to web blotch is unknown. Results The cytological examination revealed no differences in the conidium germination rate between the web blotch-resistant variety ZH and the web blotch-susceptible variety PI at 12–48 hpi. The appressorium formation rate was significantly higher for PI than for ZH at 24 hpi. The papilla formation rate at 36 hpi and the hypersensitive response rate at 60 and 84 hpi were significantly higher for ZH than for PI. We also compared the transcriptional profiles of web blotch-infected ZH and PI plants at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 84 hpi using an RNA-seq technique. There were more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ZH and PI at 12, 36, 60, and 84 hpi than at 24 and 48 hpi. Moreover, there were more DEGs in PI than in ZH at each time-point. The analysis of metabolic pathways indicated that pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis; monobactam biosynthesis; cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis; and ether lipid metabolism are specific to the active defense of ZH against YY187, whereas porphyrin metabolism as well as taurine and hypotaurine metabolism are pathways specifically involved in the passive defense of ZH against YY187. In the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, most of the interacting proteins were serine acetyltransferases and cysteine synthases, which are involved in the cysteine synthesis pathway. The qRT-PCR data confirmed the reliability of the transcriptome analysis. Conclusion On the basis of the PPI network for the significantly enriched genes in the pathways which were specifically enriched at different time points in ZH, we hypothesize that serine acetyltransferases and cysteine synthases are crucial for the cysteine-related resistance of peanut to web blotch. The study results provide reference material for future research on the mechanism mediating peanut web blotch resistance.

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Peanut Web Blotch: I. Cultural Characteristics and Identity of Causal Fungus1

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Resistance to Athelia rolfsii and Web Blotch in the U.S. Mini-core Collection

Resistance to Athelia rolfsii and Web Blotch in the U.S. Mini-core Collection

Resistance of peanut to web blotch caused by Phoma arachidicola is related to papillae formation and the hypersensitive response

Cytological and transcriptomic analysis to unveil the mechanism of web blotch resistance in Peanut

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