Pearlite Stabilisation by Copper on Ductile Cast Iron

Tsujikawa, Masato; Matsumoto, N.; Nakamoto, K.; Michiura, Yoshisada

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.151

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…3(b)). This result was similar to that in the report by Tsujikawa et al 35) The TEM images in Fig. 3 are not the experimental evidence for the absence of Cu film but for the difficulty in the observation of the Cu film by conventional TEM observation, even if the Cu film exists.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…33) Zou et al observed Cu-film formation at the surface of SG by SEM using polished samples etched with degassed 7% HCl aqua solution for 2 h. 34) In contrast, Tsujikawa et al reported that the Cu film was not observed at the interface between SG and the perlite matrix in the bright field (BF) image of TEM. 35) Igarashi et al investigated the microstructure of boron (B)-added SG cast irons using SEM and TEM. 36) They found triangular precipitates consisting of FeSiCuB with a size of ³150 nm at the surface layer of the graphite, and the FeSiCuB region was composed of Fe-rich nanocrystalline grains and CuB-rich amorphous regions.…”

Section: A D V a N C E V I E Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electron Microscopy on Cu Element Distribution in Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The solidification microstructure of spheroidal graphite cast iron was analyzed by electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), focusing on the distribution of Cu. EPMA and STEM results clarified the following tendency in the distribution of Cu in spheroidal graphite cast iron containing Cu within the pearlite matrix: (1) CuSnMg enriched regions were distributed in the pearlite matrix, and (2) the distribution of metallic elements of Cu, Sn, and Mg in CuSnMg enriched regions was not homogeneous, and a composite of the metallic and oxide phases was formed. EPMA with a field-emission electron gun (FE-EPMA) and FE-STEM apparatus with a silicon drift detector were highly effective in clarifying the distribution of Cu, compared with conventional EPMA employing a thermionicemission electron gun (TE). The high-resolution observation using FE-STEM, and the combination with TE-EPMA, FE-EPMA and FE-STEM, are powerful tools for clarifying the distribution of Cu element in spheroidal graphite cast iron.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: A D V a N C E V I E Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Microscopy on Cu Element Distribution in Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The small additions of chromium and manganese in C3.9, which are known to stabilize pearlitic cementite against coarsening during intercritical annealing, hardly seem to affect annealing behavior at thermal loads up to 630°C/4 h [35]. The amount of copper, which is known to stabilize pearlite during ferritizing annealing of cast irons, is approximately the same in C3.9 and C4.4 [36], Table 1. Consequently, the effect of copper on the annealing behavior of both alloys should be the same, and thus cannot be determined.…”

Section: Thermal Stability Of Pearlitementioning

confidence: 97%

Low‐temperature annealing and graphitizing of white‐solidified low‐alloy cast irons

Kante

Leineweber

Holst

et al. 2019

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hypoeutectic iron‐carbon and iron‐carbon‐silicon model alloys as well as conventional cast irons GJL‐250mod and EN‐GJS‐600‐3 have been produced and processed by different solidification techniques, i. e. mold casting, electron beam surface remelting and melt spinning. The white‐solidified alloys exhibit different degrees of microstructural refinement indicated by a secondary dendrite arm spacing of 0.3 μm–12 μm. The effects of microstructural refinement and silicon content on the hardness as well as on coarsening of cementite and graphitizing at temperatures of 540 °C to 670 °C have been investigated. The hardness of the as‐solidified alloys increases with decreasing secondary dendrite arm spacing and increasing silicon content. High silicon content effectively retards coarsening of pearlitic cementite, and thus is beneficial to retain the hardness at small thermal load. On the downside, high degree of microstructural refinement and high silicon content promote and accelerate graphitizing at temperatures > 600 °C. The results are discussed in terms of the applicability of a recently developed two‐step surface treatment for cast irons, i. e. electron beam remelting followed by nitriding.

show abstract

“…In the case of copper and copper and nickel alloyed ductile iron (in "as cast" conditions) significantly lowers impact strength and ductility, while an increase of hardness, tensile strength and yield strength is primarily associated with a pearlitic metallic matrix. By contrast, ADI with additions of copper, according to several studies, shows that no significant changes of tensile properties compared to iron without alloying elements were observed [15][16][17][18]. Highly-dispersive and brittle Mg-Cu particles, have a negative effect on the impact properties of ADI.…”

Section: Tensile and Impact Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation Kinetics and Mechanical Properties of Copper-Alloyed and Copper-Nickel Alloyed ADI

Górny

Tyrała

Sikora

2018

MSF

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study the effect of copper and nickel in shaping the structure and properties of ADI (Austempered Ductile Iron) was investigated. The austenitization and austempering transformations were studied in order to follow the changes exhibited in transformation kinetics. The dilatometric results indicated that the addition of Cu and the addition of both Cu and Ni resulted in reducing relative expansion during austenitization, due to a larger pearlite fraction in the microstructure. In the initial stage of the austempering process, the addition of Cu, and to a greater extent, additions of both Cu and Ni led to a reduction in the transformation rate, shifting the maximum transformation rate values toward longer times. X-ray diffraction, dilatometric, metallographic and magnetic examinations allowed us to determine the phases fraction in the structure of ADI with the presence of Cu and Ni. From SEM-EDS analysis, it follows that in the copper alloyed ADI, highly dispersed particles are formed containing Mg and Cu, whose size does not exceed <1 µm. The exhibited mechanical properties were determined as a function of Cu and Ni additions and also variable austempering period of time. It was found that the addition of Cu resulted in increased tensile strength and hardness but simultaneously decreased the impact strength of ADI. The outcome of this work indicates that in order to obtain a satisfactory combination of static and dynamic mechanical properties of ADI, an optimal combination -aside from proper heat treatment -Cu and Ni should be selected.

show abstract

Pearlite Stabilisation by Copper on Ductile Cast Iron

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Electron Microscopy on Cu Element Distribution in Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron

Electron Microscopy on Cu Element Distribution in Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron

Low‐temperature annealing and graphitizing of white‐solidified low‐alloy cast irons

Transformation Kinetics and Mechanical Properties of Copper-Alloyed and Copper-Nickel Alloyed ADI

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About