Peasant Production and Underdevelopment in Southern Rhodesia, 1890–1914

Phimister, Ian

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a096469

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The "White Economy" drew on labour reserves for its labour requirements and and used them for the disposal of unwanted labour (Meillassoux 1981;Phimister 1974;Van Onselen 1976). One characteristic of such economies was a by far larger White settler population as a percentage of the total as compared to cash crop economies (See Appendix 1) .…”

Section: Taxation In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

On Tax Efforts and Colonial Heritage in Africa

Mkandawire

2010

Journal of Development Studies

111

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One commonly observed phenomena about taxation in Africa are regional differences and the fact that southern African countries have higher levels of shares of taxation in GDP. This article argues that the major source of differences in 'tax effort' is the colonial histories of various countries. Using standard measures of 'tax effort in a panel data framework and dividing colonial Africa along forms of incorporation into the colonial system, it shows that African countries and others with similar colonial histories have higher levels of 'tax effort'. However, the difference disappears when we control for the colonial factor. These results hold under different model specifications.

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Section: Taxation In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

On Tax Efforts and Colonial Heritage in Africa

Mkandawire

2010

Journal of Development Studies

111

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“…In the 1980 general election, the electorate voted for the ZANU-PF party led by Robert Mugabe with the hope that a socialist-inclined government would be the best to tackle the problem of overpopulation and land shortage in the communal areas through the implementation of land reform that would shift the land from large-scale commercial farmers to the peasants (Tevera, 1989). Past land appropriation had resulted in the land-degradation-poverty cycle and in land being a scarce resource for the mass of farmers (Phimister, 1977;Tevera, 1981).…”

Section: Population and Land Use Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Resources, Population and Sustainability: Evidence From Zimbabwe

Lado

1999

Singap J Trop Geogr

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This paper examines four issues central to the relationships between environmental resources, population and sustainability in Zimbabwe. First, the conceptualisation of population‐resource interrelationships and sustainability. Second, the legal basis of land use practices and origins of land use conflict within and between Zimbabwe’s main population groups. Third, the demographic threats to sustainable resource development and the impact of the Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) on rural and urban communities. Fourth, the dynamics of population change and environmental resource use constraints including resettlement and land redistribution or reform programmes. It is concluded that the relationships between environmental degradation and population pressure are complex. Sustainable environmental resource use to supply basic livelihoods can be achieved if appropriate technical expertise or backup is provided to the population. Developing and implementing sustainable resource development strategies in Zimbabwe requires attention to socio‐economic and political challenges.

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“…ists (6,30,151,154) hold that the mining industry in South Africa created large demands for foodstuffs, which were initially met by African producers. By the 1920s, however, White Afrikaner farmers, with the backing of the state" succeeded in displacing native producers.…”

Section: Godoymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mining: Anthropological Perspectives

Godoy¹

1985

Annu. Rev. Anthropol.

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Massach usetts 02138 INTRODUCTIONDespite his antiquity, the miner, like Geertz ' s peasant, was recently discovered by anthropologists. This discovery, not fortuitously , came when the energy and environmental crisis made us all aware of the finite supply of nonrenewable naturaI resources and the limits of industrial growth. If interest in mining came late, systematic studies of mining have yet to arr ive. Paraphrasing Geertz , one is not likely to find ideas, much less a coherent system of ideas, in anthropolo gical studies of mining.The aims of this essa y are: (a) to review the anthropological literature on mining, drawing att ention to the contributions of neighboring disciplines, and (b) to identify promising avenues for future research. The review deals with bard, nonfuel minerals. Oil, gas, coal, and uranium are dealt with only incidentally. Stress is placed on the extractive and not on the process ing or marlcetiog stages for the sake of coherence and brevity.1be review is divided into three sections. The first deals with mineral economics; the second contains a discuss ion of the demographic, social, and political characteristics of mining communities; the final section involves mining rituals, beliefs, and ideology. Implicit in this tripartite division is a view of mining consisting of an economic base and a derivative sociopolitical and ideological superstru cture. THE ECONOMICS OF MININGMining is a process composed of three major, logical, interr elated, and sequen tial phases: exploration, development, and production (189). Unique risks, economic considerations, and constraints characterize each stage. Further ANNUAL REVIEWS 200 GODOY Exploration Exploration is the most important phase of a mining venture because most of the value added of a mineral deposit occurs at the moment of discovery. Most orebodies currently under exploitation were discovered through, and grew out of, enterprises initiated by small-scale producers (10, 151, 182). The strategies used by these people in locating deposits remain unknown. Phimister (155) discusses the formulas followed by the Shona of Southern Zambezia for finding reef outcrops. Arnold (5) probes the cognitive distinctions made by the Maya potters of Yucatan in classifying the physical properties of clay types and finds that folk distinctions match the mineral composition of the materials. Although he does not focus on how potters actually find mineral reserves, he pays attention to the criteria they use in making distinctions among clays of different qualities. Several mechanisms suggest themselves for sharing or shifting ex ploration risks (Figure 1). Under scenario 1, the firm/miner receives a fixed fee or wage for exploration irrespective of the outcome and thus bears none of the geological risks. This contract structure does not contain built-in incentives to encourage exploration.Under scenario 3, the firm/miner bears all the exploration risks. If they are averse to risk, they may underexplore, as each party waits to see the outcome of a neighbor'S discover...

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Peasant Production and Underdevelopment in Southern Rhodesia, 1890–1914

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

On Tax Efforts and Colonial Heritage in Africa

On Tax Efforts and Colonial Heritage in Africa

Environmental Resources, Population and Sustainability: Evidence From Zimbabwe

Mining: Anthropological Perspectives

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