Peat smoke inhalation alters blood pressure, baroreflex sensitivity, and cardiac arrhythmia risk in rats

Martin, Brandi L; Thompson, L. C.; Kim, Yong Ho; King, Charly; Snow, Samantha J.; Schladweiler, Mette C.; Haykal-Coates, Najwa; George, Ingrid; Gilmour, M. Ian; Kodavanti, Urmila P.; Hazari, Mehdi S.; Farraj, Aimen K.

doi:10.1080/15287394.2020.1826375

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…For the first time in a human study, we demonstrated an improvement in BRS associated with short-term reductions in indoor PM 2.5 concentrations. Although the mechanism of the activation of pulmonary receptors via PM 2.5 results in autonomic nervous system imbalance, leading to CVD events, which has been explained as one of the major pathways [ 2 , 4 , 18 ], the association between PM 2.5 and baroreflex sensitivity was very limited in two animal experiments with conflicting results [ 26 , 27 ]. As decreased BRS in MI patients significantly increased the malignancy of the event, including lethal arrhythmias and mortality in a large prospective registry [ 28 ], our findings in this study highlight the clinical importance of managing PM 2.5 in CAD patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Effect of Air Purifier Intervention on Baroreflex Sensitivity and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Randomized Crossover Intervention Trial

Eom

Kim

Lee

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Exposure to fine particulate matter increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Few studies have tested the beneficial effect of indoor air filtration intervention in patients with cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of air filtration on mitigating cardiovascular health in patients with coronary artery disease. This randomized, double-blind, crossover study is conducted with 38 coronary artery disease patients. The intervention consists of the following three periods: two-week active and sham air filtration interventions, with a two-week washout period. The indoor PM2.5 concentration is continuously monitored during the entire study period. We measure the blood pressure, heart rate variability, baroreflex sensitivity, autonomic function test results, and endothelial function. The two-week active air filtration intervention for two weeks reduces the average indoor concentration of PM2.5 by 33.9%. The indoor PM2.5 concentration is significantly correlated to cross-correlation baroreflex sensitivity. Active air filtration is significantly associated with a decrease in the indicator of oxidative stress represented as 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine. This study shows that a short-term air filtration intervention improved baroreflex sensitivity and might reduce oxidative stress in coronary artery disease patients. These findings suggest that the use of an air purifier could mitigate the recurrence of cardiovascular disease events in patients with coronary artery disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Effect of Air Purifier Intervention on Baroreflex Sensitivity and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Randomized Crossover Intervention Trial

Eom

Kim

Lee

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…To establish the baseline response, the authors first delivered smoldering peat smoke to adult male Wistar-Kyoto rats at 0.4 mg/m 3 (low) and 4 mg/m 3 (high) PM concentrations. 117 Note that the low PM target matches ambient particulate levels measured amid peat fires in North Carolina, 24 while the high PM approximates the upper-bound respirable particulate concentrations encountered by WLFFs during active duty. 72 Although both exposure levels raised diastolic and systolic BP, low peat alone dysregulated baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS), enhanced aconitine-induced arrhythmogenesis, and increased circulating LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, with positive trends toward higher concentrations of angiotensin-converting enzyme and white blood cells.…”

Section: Compendium On Environmental Impacts On Cardiovascular Health...mentioning

confidence: 73%

“…72 Although both exposure levels raised diastolic and systolic BP, low peat alone dysregulated baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS), enhanced aconitine-induced arrhythmogenesis, and increased circulating LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, with positive trends toward higher concentrations of angiotensin-converting enzyme and white blood cells. 117 These functional shifts reflect imbalances in homeostatic mechanisms and systemic outcomes that may exacerbate the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in vulnerable populations with preexisting conditions or under stress. Following this lead, the authors implemented the same exposure protocol to elucidate the effect of smoldering peat smoke inhalation on the postprandial response to a high-fat challenge.…”

Section: Compendium On Environmental Impacts On Cardiovascular Health...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amid the cardiovascular responses to environmental or laboratory-scale WFS inhalation in both human 82,84,85,91,99 and animal 113,[117][118][119][120] subjects, immediate changes in HRV, BRS, and arrhythmogenic potential, along with adjustments in HR, BP, and cardiac output, portend to shifts in the autonomic control of the heart and blood vessels. 57 Perez et al 152 have postulated that 3 autonomic reflex arcs may converge to regulate cardiovascular function in the context of exposure to environmental pollutants.…”

Section: Deranged Autonomic Regulation Of Cardiovascular Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Wildfires on Cardiovascular Health

Williams,

Perreault,

Yazbeck

et al. 2024

Circulation Research

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Wildfire smoke (WFS) is a mixture of respirable particulate matter, environmental gases, and other hazardous pollutants that originate from the unplanned burning of arid vegetation during wildfires. The increasing size and frequency of recent wildfires has escalated public and occupational health concerns regarding WFS inhalation, by either individuals living nearby and downstream an active fire or wildland firefighters and other workers that face unavoidable exposure because of their profession. In this review, we first synthesize current evidence from environmental, controlled, and interventional human exposure studies, to highlight positive associations between WFS inhalation and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Motivated by these findings, we discuss preventative measures and suggest interventions to mitigate the cardiovascular impact of wildfires. We then review animal and cell exposure studies to call attention on the pathophysiological processes that support the deterioration of cardiovascular tissues and organs in response to WFS inhalation. Acknowledging the challenges of integrating evidence across independent sources, we contextualize laboratory-scale exposure approaches according to the biological processes that they model and offer suggestions for ensuring relevance to the human condition. Noting that wildfires are significant contributors to ambient air pollution, we compare the biological responses triggered by WFS to those of other harmful pollutants. We also review evidence for how WFS inhalation may trigger mechanisms that have been proposed as mediators of adverse cardiovascular effects upon exposure to air pollution. We finally conclude by highlighting research areas that demand further consideration. Overall, we aspire for this work to serve as a catalyst for regulatory initiatives to mitigate the adverse cardiovascular effects of WFS inhalation in the community and alleviate the occupational risk in wildland firefighters.

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“…Rodent models have long been the canonical experimental model system for the investigation of adverse health impacts of respirable pollutants including biomass combustion emissions (Martin et al, 2020). However, rodent inhalation exposure studies are limited by the time and expense needed to acquire and process toxicity information.…”

Section: Table Of Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish irritant responses to wildland fire-related biomass smoke are influenced by fuel type, combustion phase, and byproduct chemistry

Martin

Padilla

Kim³

et al. 2021

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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Peat smoke inhalation alters blood pressure, baroreflex sensitivity, and cardiac arrhythmia risk in rats

Cited by 10 publications

References 55 publications

Positive Effect of Air Purifier Intervention on Baroreflex Sensitivity and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Randomized Crossover Intervention Trial

Positive Effect of Air Purifier Intervention on Baroreflex Sensitivity and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Randomized Crossover Intervention Trial

Impact of Wildfires on Cardiovascular Health

Zebrafish irritant responses to wildland fire-related biomass smoke are influenced by fuel type, combustion phase, and byproduct chemistry

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