Peatlands of the Western Siberian lowlands: current knowledge on zonation, carbon content and Late Quaternary history

Kremenetski, K. V.; Величко, А.А.; Borisova, Olga; MacDonald, Glen M.; Smith, L. C.; Frey, Karen E.; Орлова, Л. А.

doi:10.1016/s0277-3791(02)00196-8

Cited by 188 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The "organic" part of Lake Shirokoe's sediment likely represents the former and now-flooded peat. Its thickness is in agreement with peat depth as low as 25-30 cm reported in this region (Kremenetski et al, 2003) and our unpublished data from the chemical composition of a peat column sampled in a palsa site adjacent to Lake Shirokoe. Mature Lake Yamsovey (4th stage) and drained Lake Khasyrei (5th stage) show lower and less-variable POC concentrations (24.7 ± 0.9 % and 16.9 ± 2.1 %, respectively; Fig.…”

Section: Particulate Organic Carbon and Total Sulfursupporting

confidence: 91%

Organic matter mineralization and trace element post-depositional redistribution in Western Siberia thermokarst lake sediments

et al. 2011

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Abstract. This study reports the very first results on highresolution sampling of sediments and their porewaters from three thermokarst (thaw) lakes representing different stages of ecosystem development located within the Nadym-Pur interfluve of the Western Siberia plain. Up to present time, the lake sediments of this and other permafrost-affected regions remain unexplored regarding their biogeochemical behavior. The aim of this study was to (i) document the early diagenesic processes in order to assess their impact on the organic carbon stored in the underlying permafrost, and (ii) characterize the post-depositional redistribution of trace elements and their impact on the water column. The estimated organic carbon (OC) stock in thermokarst lake sediments of 14 ± 2 kg m −2 is low compared to that reported for peat soils from the same region and denotes intense organic matter (OM) mineralization. Mineralization of OM in the thermokarst lake sediments proceeds under anoxic conditions in all the three lakes. In the course of the lake development, a shift in mineralization pathways from nitrate and sulfate to Fe-and Mn-oxyhydroxides as the main terminal electron acceptors in the early diagenetic reactions was suggested. This shift was likely promoted by the diagenetic consumption of nitrate and sulfate and their gradual depletion in the water column due to progressively decreasing frozen peat lixiviation occurring at the lake's borders. Trace elements were mobilized from host phases (OM and Fe-and Mn-oxyhydroxides) and partly sequestered in the sediment in the form of authigenic Fe-sulfides. Arsenic and Sb cycling was also closely linked to that of OM and Fe-and Mnoxyhydroxides. Shallow diagenetic enrichment of particulate Sb was observed in the less mature stages. As a result of auCorrespondence to: S. Audry (stephane.audry@get.obs-mip.fr) thigenic sulfide precipitation, the sediments of the early stage of ecosystem development were a sink for water column Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Sb. In contrast, at all stages of ecosystem development, the sediments were a source of dissolved Co, Ni and As to the water column. However, the concentrations of these trace elements remained low in the bottom waters, indicating that sorption processes on Fe-bounding particles and/or large-size organo-mineral colloids could mitigate the impact of post-depositional redistribution of toxic elements on the water column.

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Section: Particulate Organic Carbon and Total Sulfursupporting

confidence: 91%

Organic matter mineralization and trace element post-depositional redistribution in Western Siberia thermokarst lake sediments

et al. 2011

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“…The WSL contains most of the drainage areas of the Ob' and Irtysh rivers, as well as the western tributaries of the Yenisei River, all of which drain into the Arctic Ocean. Permafrost in various forms (continuous, discontinuous, isolated, and sporadic) covers more than half of the area of the WSL, from the Arctic Ocean south to approximately 60 • N, with continuous permafrost occurring north of 67 • N (Kremenetski et al, 2003). The region's major biomes (Fig.…”

Section: T J Bohn Et Al: Intercomparison Of Wetland Methane Emissimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the water table depth within a peatland is typically heterogeneous, varying on the scale of tens of centimeters as a function of microtopography (hummocks, hollows, ridges, and pools; Eppinga et al, 2008). Models vary widely in their representations of wetland soil moisture conditions, ranging from schemes that do not explicitly consider the water table position (e.g., Hodson et al, 2011) to a single uniform water table depth for (brown) and peatland distribution (cyan), taken from Sheng et al (2004); lakes of area > 1 km 2 (blue) taken from Lehner and Döll (2004); permafrost zone boundaries after Kremenetski et al (2003); CH 4 sampling sites from Glagolev et al (2011), denoted by red circles. (b) Dominant land cover at 25 km derived from MODIS-MOD12Q1 500 m land cover classification (Friedl et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

WETCHIMP-WSL: intercomparison of wetland methane emissions models over West Siberia

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Wetlands are the world's largest natural source of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas. The strong sensitivity of methane emissions to environmental factors such as soil temperature and moisture has led to concerns about potential positive feedbacks to climate change. This risk is particularly relevant at high latitudes, which have experienced pronounced warming and where thawing permafrost could potentially liberate large amounts of labile carbon over the next 100 years. However, global models disagree as to the magnitude and spatial distribution of emissions, due to uncertainties in wetland area and emissions per unit area and a scarcity of in situ observations. Recent intensive field campaigns across the West Siberian Lowland (WSL) make this an ideal region over which to assess the perPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. T. J. Bohn et al.: Intercomparison of wetland methane emissions modelsformance of large-scale process-based wetland models in a high-latitude environment. Here we present the results of a follow-up to the Wetland and Wetland CH 4 Intercomparison of Models Project (WETCHIMP), focused on the West Siberian Lowland (WETCHIMP-WSL). We assessed 21 models and 5 inversions over this domain in terms of total CH 4 emissions, simulated wetland areas, and CH 4 fluxes per unit wetland area and compared these results to an intensive in situ CH 4 flux data set, several wetland maps, and two satellite surface water products. We found that (a) despite the large scatter of individual estimates, 12-year mean estimates of annual total emissions over the WSL from forward models (5.34 ± 0.54 Tg CH 4 yr −1 ), inversions (6.06 ± 1.22 Tg CH 4 yr −1 ), and in situ observations (3.91 ± 1.29 Tg CH 4 yr −1 ) largely agreed; (b) forward models using surface water products alone to estimate wetland areas suffered from severe biases in CH 4 emissions; (c) the interannual time series of models that lacked either soil thermal physics appropriate to the high latitudes or realistic emissions from unsaturated peatlands tended to be dominated by a single environmental driver (inundation or air temperature), unlike those of inversions and more sophisticated forward models; (d) differences in biogeochemical schemes across models had relatively smaller influence over performance; and (e) multiyear or multidecade observational records are crucial for evaluating models' responses to long-term climate change.

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“…The average high temperature was 23.4 and 14.9, respectively. A detailed physico-geographical description, hydrology, lithology, and list of the soils can be found in earlier works [55,56] and in our recent limnological and pedological studies [50,53,54,57]. The WSL has rather homogenous landscape conditions (palsa peat bogs, forest-tundra, and polygonal tundra), lithology (Pliocene sands and silts), soil cover (1-1.5 m thick peat, half of soil profile is frozen), and runoff (200-250 mm·year −1 ), across a large gradient of permafrost coverage [58][59][60].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Distribution, Surface Coverage, Water, Carbon, and Metal Storage of Thermokarst Lakes in the Permafrost Zone of the Western Siberia Lowland

Polishchuk

Bogdanov²,

Polishchuk

et al. 2017

Water

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Despite the importance of thermokarst (thaw) lakes of the subarctic zone in regulating greenhouse gas exchange with the atmosphere and the flux of metal pollutants and micro-nutrients to the ocean, the inventory of lake distribution and stock of solutes for the permafrost-affected zone are not available. We quantified the abundance of thermokarst lakes in the continuous, discontinuous, and sporadic permafrost zones of the western Siberian Lowland (WSL) using Landsat-8 scenes collected over the summers of 2013 and 2014. In a territory of 105 million ha, the total number of lakes >0.5 ha is 727,700, with a total surface area of 5.97 million ha, yielding an average lake coverage of 5.69% of the territory. Small lakes (0.5-1.0 ha) constitute about one third of the total number of lakes in the permafrost-bearing zone of WSL, yet their surface area does not exceed 2.9% of the total area of lakes in WSL. The latitudinal pattern of lake number and surface coverage follows the local topography and dominant landscape zones. The role of thermokarst lakes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and most trace element storage in the territory of WSL is non-negligible compared to that of rivers. The annual lake storage across the WSL of DOC, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Al constitutes 16%, 34%, 37%, 57%, and 73%, respectively, of their annual delivery by WSL rivers to the Arctic Ocean from the same territory. However, given that the concentrations of DOC and metals in the smallest lakes (<0.5 ha) are much higher than those in the medium and large lakes, the contribution of small lakes to the overall carbon and metal budget may be comparable to, or greater than, their contribution to the water storage. As such, observations at high spatial resolution (<0.5 ha) are needed to constrain the reservoirs and the mobility of carbon and metals in aquatic systems. To upscale the DOC and metal storage in lakes of the whole subarctic, the remote sensing should be coupled with hydrochemical measurements in aquatic systems of boreal plains.

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Peatlands of the Western Siberian lowlands: current knowledge on zonation, carbon content and Late Quaternary history

Cited by 188 publications

References 16 publications

Organic matter mineralization and trace element post-depositional redistribution in Western Siberia thermokarst lake sediments

Organic matter mineralization and trace element post-depositional redistribution in Western Siberia thermokarst lake sediments

WETCHIMP-WSL: intercomparison of wetland methane emissions models over West Siberia

Size Distribution, Surface Coverage, Water, Carbon, and Metal Storage of Thermokarst Lakes in the Permafrost Zone of the Western Siberia Lowland

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